Actin dynamics in the growth cone: a key player in axon regeneration
Actin dynamics in the growth cone: a key player in axon regeneration
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DOI：
10.1016/j.conb.2020.11.015
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发表时间：
2021-08-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Sousa, Monica Mendes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leite, Sergio Carvalho;Pinto-Costa, Rita;Sousa, Monica Mendes
神经元的发育、维持和功能依赖于细胞骨架组织和动力学的严格调控。损伤后，成年中枢神经系统神经元具有有限的再生和再现其强健的发育轴突生长的能力。这种再生能力的下降是由于它们无法建立具有再生能力的生长锥。生长锥是一种富含肌动蛋白的结构，调节轴突的延伸速度和方向。在神经元发育过程中，通过调节特定肌动蛋白结合蛋白的活性，增加生长锥中的肌动蛋白动力学，导致轴突伸长增加。在这里，我们将重点介绍最近的研究结果，这些发现表明，增强成人神经系统轴突再生可以通过促进肌动蛋白动力学或减少生长锥中的肌动球蛋白收缩来实现。这些发现强调了生长锥中肌动蛋白组织作为促进轴突（再）生长的关键因素的重要性，应该在未来进一步探索。
Neuronal development, maintenance and function depends on the tight regulation of cytoskeleton organization and dynamics. Following injury, adult central nervous system neurons have a limited ability to regenerate and to recapitulate their robust developmental axon growth. This decreased regenerative capacity is set by their inability to establish regeneration-competent growth cones. Growth cones are actin-enriched structures that regulate axon extension rate and direction. During neuronal development, increasing actin dynamics in the growth cone through the regulation of the activity of specific actin-binding proteins leads to increased axon elongation. Here, we will focus on recent findings showing that enhanced axon regeneration in the adult nervous system can be achieved by promoting actin dynamics, or by decreasing actomyosin contraction in the growth cone. These discoveries underscore the importance of actin organization in the growth cone as a key factor to promote axon (re)growth that should be further explored in the future.