Warming sea surface temperatures fuel summer epidemics of eelgrass wasting disease
Warming sea surface temperatures fuel summer epidemics of eelgrass wasting disease
复制标题
DOI：
10.3354/meps13902
复制
发表时间：
2021-11-25
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Harve, C. Drew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Groner, Maya L.;Eisenlord, Morgan E.;Harve, C. Drew
海水温度正在上升，对海洋疾病产生了许多无法量化的影响。虽然长时间的温度胁迫可以加速宿主-病原体相互作用，但自然界的结果很难量化。我们监测了2013-2017年的鳗草消耗病（EWD），并将EWD的仲夏流行率与2015-2016年东北太平洋海洋热浪（近代历史上最长的海洋热浪）之前，期间和之后的遥感海水温度指标相关联。2013年至2015年间，鳗草的枝条密度下降了60%，并且没有恢复。EWD患病率在2013年为5-70%，到2017年增加到60-90%。2015年至2017年间，EWD严重程度每年约翻一番。EWD患病率与采样前一个月的温暖温度呈正相关，而EWD的严重程度与采样前的温暖呈负相关。这种复杂的结果可能是由叶片生长介导的;较大的叶片可能更容易患病，但也可能比病变生长得更快，导致严重程度较低。在热浪之前或早期导致人口下降的区域压力可能加剧了变暖对鳗草疾病易感性的影响，并降低了这一关键物种的恢复力。
Seawater temperatures are increasing, with many unquantified impacts on marine diseases. While prolonged temperature stress can accelerate host-pathogen interactions, the outcomes in nature are poorly quantified. We monitored eelgrass wasting disease (EWD) from 2013-2017 and correlated mid-summer prevalence of EWD with remotely sensed seawater temperature metrics before, during, and after the 2015-2016 marine heatwave in the northeast Pacific, the longest marine heatwave in recent history. Eelgrass shoot density declined by 60% between 2013 and 2015 and did not recover. EWD prevalence ranged from 5-70% in 2013 and increased to 60-90% by 2017. EWD severity approximately doubled each year between 2015 and 2017. EWD prevalence was positively correlated with warmer temperature for the month prior to sampling while EWD severity was negatively correlated with warming prior to sampling. This complex result may be mediated by leaf growth; bigger leaves may be more likely to be diseased, but may also grow faster than lesions, resulting in lower severity. Regional stressors leading to population declines prior to or early in the heatwave may have exacerbated the effects of warming on eelgrass disease susceptibility and reduced the resilience of this critical species.