Transcriptional and Genomic Control of Stem Cells in Development and Cancer.
Transcriptional and Genomic Control of Stem Cells in Development and Cancer.
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发育和癌症中干细胞的转录和基因组控制。
DOI：
10.1155/2017/2513598
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Yang,Chuanwei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang,Jinsong;Gow,Chien-Hung;Khan,Sohaib;Liu,Ying;Yang,Chuanwei
干细胞在正常生理中发挥着重要作用，其功能失调与癌症等疾病有关。正常干细胞在发育过程中具有分化为不同类型细胞的潜力[1]。在成人中，体细胞是组织特定细胞类型取代老化或受损细胞的宝贵来源[2]。癌症干细胞是肿瘤内具有某些干细胞特性的细胞[3]。从原来的肿瘤中取出的癌症干细胞，种植到一个新的器官或组织类型中，可以在新的位置形成一个全新的肿瘤，这个过程称为转移[4]。干细胞可以在转录和基因组水平上进行调节。转录因子及其辅助激活因子或辅助抑制因子在正常干细胞功能和癌症干细胞维持中都非常重要[5-7]。复制错误或缺陷修复机制导致的基因突变会影响基因组稳定性和干细胞功能[8，9]。干细胞调控的靶向治疗有可能缓解疾病状况，并在抗击癌症的斗争中找到治疗方法。本期特刊包含评论文章，为研究领域的现状提供了新的见解。在其中一篇评论中，M·王等人。介绍了在细胞遗传学正常的急性髓系白血病(CN-AML)中可以作为单个突变或作为两个或三个突变的组合发生的常见类型的分子突变。他们利用现有的生物信息学工具分析了现有的AML数据库，发现干细胞调节因子如Flt3、TET2、DNMT3A和IDH1的突变通常会产生不利的临床结果，并可能预测CN-AML患者的白血病复发。在另一篇综述中，S.Zhang et al.描述了多倍体巨细胞癌细胞(PGCC)的肿瘤干细胞特性，并提供了来自文献的证据，表明肿瘤萌发和微乳头形态是结直肠癌肿瘤侵袭性的公认指标。KM比奇等人的文献综述。讨论了Müler神经胶质细胞和Müler神经胶质细胞来源干细胞在哺乳动物视网膜损伤后再生中的作用。他们总结了该领域的最新进展，并强调发现调节JAK/STAT和MAPK信号通路的内在和外在因素是未来研究的重点，以促进哺乳动物视网膜损伤后Müler胶质细胞再生反应的方向切换。在一篇关于神经干细胞的综述中，L.Zhang等人。综述了神经干细胞在基因组和转录水平调控的最新进展。他们使用生物信息学方法预测可能成为出血性中风后功能恢复的新治疗靶点的因素。在另一篇综述中，S·L·程等人。检查了15项使用不同组织/器官来源的干细胞治疗慢性粒细胞白血病的临床试验
Stem cells play important roles in normal physiology, and their deregulated functions are involved in diseases such as cancer. The normal stem cells have the potential to differentiate into different cell types during development [1]. In adults, somatic stem cells are a valuable source for tissuespecific cell types to replace aged or damaged cells [2]. Cancer stem cells are cells within a tumor which possess some stem cell properties [3]. A cancer stem cell removed from its original tumor and seeded in a new organ or tissue type can form a brand new tumor in the new location, a process known as metastasis [4]. Stem cells can be regulated at both transcriptional and genomic levels. Transcription factors and their coactivators or corepressors are very important both in normal stem cell function and in cancer stem cell maintenance [5–7]. Genetic mutations resulted from replication errors or defective repair mechanisms affect genome stability and stem cell functions [8, 9]. Therapeutic targeting of stem cell regulation has the potential to alleviate disease condition and to find a cure in the fight against cancer. This special issue contains review articles that offer new insight into the current status of the research areas. In one of the reviews, M. Wang et al. presented the common types of molecular mutations that can occur as a single mutation or as combinations of two or three mutations in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML). They analyzed available AML databases using bioinformatics tools at their disposal and found that mutations in stem cell regulatory factors such as FLT3, TET2, DNMT3A, and IDH1 often have an unfavorable clinical outcome and may predict relapse of leukemia in CN-AML patients. In another review, S. Zhang et al. described the cancer stem cell properties of polyploidy giant cancer cells (PGCC) and presented evidence from the literature showing that tumor budding and micropapillary pattern are recognized indicators of tumor aggressiveness in colorectal cancer. Literature review by KM Beach et al. discussed the role of Müller glia and Müller glial-derived stem cells in retina regeneration after injury in mammals. They summarized recent progress made in the field and emphasized that discovery of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that regulate JAK/STAT and MAPK signaling pathways take priority in future research to promote switch in the direction of regenerative responses of Müller glia in the retina after injury in mammals. In a review on neural stem cells, L. Zhang et al. summarized recent progress on the regulation of neural stem cells at both the genomic and transcriptional levels. They used bioinformatics methods to predict factors that may serve as novel therapeutic targets for functional recovery after hemorrhagic stroke. In one other review, S.-L. Cheng et al. examined 15 clinical trials using stem cells from different tissue/organ sources for the treatment of chronic