Variations in village-level performances related to reducing deforestation and forest degradation associated with a REDD+ project in northern Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Variations in village-level performances related to reducing deforestation and forest degradation associated with a REDD+ project in northern Lao People’s Democratic Republic
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老挝人民民主共和国北部 REDD+ 项目在减少毁林和森林退化方面的村级绩效差异
DOI：
10.1007/s10668-020-00701-5
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Amano Masahiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hiratsuka Motoshi;Bounithiphonh Chaloun;Sichanthongthip Phonevilay;Furuta Tomoko;Suzuki Kei;Kobayashi Natsuko;Chikaraishi Haruko;Phongoudome Chanhsamone;Amano Masahiro
一些国家正在全面实施减少毁林和森林退化所致温室气体排放（降排+）计划，该计划被视为减缓气候变化的一个关键手段。然而，社会公平问题需要认真考虑，以确保其可持续性。我们在老挝人民民主共和国北方山区的五个村庄评估了REDD+项目在示范阶段（2013-2018年）的实施绩效，这些村庄的居民主要是克穆族和苗族。评价涵盖了实际土地覆盖变化（通过卫星图像显示）以及通过基于卫星的调查评估的社会变化和创收情况。在实施REDD+示范项目之前，五个村庄的自然资源各不相同，其社会特征与这些资源密切相关。项目实施后，根据确定的土地分配和每个族裔群体采用新的和替代生计的特点，各族裔群体和不同类型的村庄的创收情况差异很大。典型判别分析的结果表明，77.3%的初始分类的受访者被正确分类的种族组变量，70.1%的被正确分类的村庄类型变量内的村庄集群在该项目中的目标。结果表明，依赖自然资源的农村人口过渡到替代生计的能力各不相同。传统的生计和社会条件，包括实施替代生计的能力和功能，与土地和森林管理成果密切相关。在执行旨在减少毁林和森林退化的活动方面，各农村群体和村庄的业绩水平明显不同。此外，我们的研究结果表明，为了避免实施困难和保持公平，村级REDD+应了解每个村庄内农村人口的具体特点和能力，从而降低REDD+不可持续的风险。
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) schemes, considered a key means of mitigating climate change, is being comprehensively implemented in a few countries. However, the issue of social equity requires serious consideration to ensure their sustainability. We assessed performances in implementing a REDD+ project during its demonstration phase (2013–2018) in five villages in the northern mountainous region of Lao People’s Democratic Republic, inhabited by people of the predominant Khmu and Hmong ethnicities. The evaluation covered actual land-cover changes (revealed through satellite imagery) and social changes and income generation assessed through a questionnaire-based survey. Prior to the implementation of the REDD+ demonstration project, natural resources varied across the five villages, whose social characteristics were closely linked to these resources. After the project’s implementation, income generation varied significantly among the ethnic groups and across village types according to determined land allocation and each ethnic group’s characteristics relating to the adoption of new and alternative livelihoods. The results of a canonical discriminant analysis using explanatory variables indicated that 77.3% of the initially categorized respondents were correctly classified for theethnic groupvariable, and 70.1% were correctly classified for thevillage typesvariable within the village cluster targeted in the project. The results showed that rural people who depend on natural resources vary in their capabilities to transition to alternative livelihoods. Traditional livelihoods and social conditions, entailing capabilities and functions for implementing alternative livelihoods were closely linked to land and forest management outcomes. Levels of performance in implementing activities aimed at reducing deforestation and forest degradation evidently differed among rural groups and villages. Moreover, our findings indicated that to avoid implementation difficulties and to keep equity, the village-level REDD+ should be informed by the specific features and capabilities of rural people within each village, thereby reducing the risk of unsustainable REDD+.