Cultures in Collision: Traditional Knowledge and Euro-Canadian Governance Processes in Northern Land-Claim Boards
Cultures in Collision: Traditional Knowledge and Euro-Canadian Governance Processes in Northern Land-Claim Boards
复制标题
冲突中的文化：北方土地所有权委员会的传统知识和欧洲-加拿大治理流程
作者：
G. White
本文分析了如何使用传统知识（TK）的共同管理和监管委员会成立的综合土地索赔协议在加拿大的领土北部：努纳武特野生动物管理委员会（NWMB）和麦肯齐谷环境影响审查委员会（MVEIRB）。西方“韦伯式”官僚机构的定义特征（它为这些和其他委员会的运作设定了框架）与传统北方土著文化的核心原则之间的比较突出了不同世界观之间经常存在的明显不相容性。这两个委员会都作出了大量真诚的努力，将传统知识纳入其实践。NWMB的任务重点是野生动物，它比负责处理复杂的法律的管理问题的MVEIRB更能在其工作中顾及传统知识。然而，由于现代官僚国家的紧急情况，两者将传统知识充分纳入其业务的能力都受到限制。
This paper analyzes how traditional knowledge (TK) is used by two of the co-management and regulatory boards established under the comprehensive land-claim agreements in Canada’s territorial North: the Nunavut Wildlife Management Board (NWMB) and the Mackenzie Valley Environmental Impact Review Board (MVEIRB). A comparison of the defining characteristics of Western “Weberian” bureaucracy, which sets the framework within which these and other boards operate, and central tenets of traditional northern Aboriginal culture highlights the oftentimes stark incompatibilities between what amount to different worldviews. Both boards are shown to have made substantial and sincere efforts at incorporating TK into their practices. The NWMB, with its wildlife-focused mandate, is better able to accommodate TK in its work than is the MVEIRB, which deals with complex legal regulatory issues. Both, however, are limited in their capacity to fully incorporate TK into their operations by the exigencies of the modern bureaucratic state.