Non-communicable diseases and injuries in Pakistan: strategic priorities
Non-communicable diseases and injuries in Pakistan: strategic priorities
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60646-7
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发表时间：
2013-06-29
期刊：
影响因子：
168.9
通讯作者：
Hyder, Adnan A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jafar, Tazeen H.;Haaland, Benjamin A.;Hyder, Adnan A.
非传染性疾病，包括心血管疾病、癌症、呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病和精神障碍，以及伤害已成为巴基斯坦发病率和死亡率的主要原因。吸烟和高血压是心血管疾病、癌症和呼吸系统疾病导致死亡的主要可归因性危险因素。巴基斯坦的糖尿病患者数量在世界上排名第六；每四个成年人中就有一个超重或肥胖；香烟价格便宜；禁烟和道路安全法律执行不力；公私混合的医疗保健系统提供的医疗服务并不理想。此外，近30年来暴露在社会政治不稳定、经济不确定性、暴力、区域冲突和混乱之中，导致精神健康障碍的高患病率。基于2010年全球疾病负担数据的预测模型表明，到2025年，巴基斯坦30-69岁人口中将有约387万人因心血管疾病、癌症和慢性呼吸道疾病过早死亡，这将带来严重的经济后果。减少风险因素的模型还表明，巴基斯坦可以通过针对主要风险因素，到2025年将这些死亡人数至少减少20%。我们呼吁改变政策和立法，并采取卫生系统干预措施，以针对巴基斯坦容易预防的非传染性疾病。
Non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, respiratory diseases, diabetes, and mental disorders, and injuries have become the major causes of morbidity and mortality in Pakistan. Tobacco use and hypertension are the leading attributable risk factors for deaths due to cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and respiratory diseases. Pakistan has the sixth highest number of people in the world with diabetes; every fourth adult is overweight or obese; cigarettes are cheap; antismoking and road safety laws are poorly enforced; and a mixed public-private health-care system provides suboptimum care. Furthermore, almost three decades of exposure to sociopolitical instability, economic uncertainty, violence, regional conflict, and dislocation have contributed to a high prevalence of mental health disorders. Projection models based on the Global Burden of Disease 2010 data suggest that there will be about 3.87 million premature deaths by 2025 from cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and chronic respiratory diseases in people aged 30-69 years in Pakistan, with serious economic consequences. Modelling of risk factor reductions also indicate that Pakistan could achieve at least a 20% reduction in the number of these deaths by 2025 by targeting of the major risk factors. We call for policy and legislative changes, and health-system interventions to target readily preventable non-communicable diseases in Pakistan.