THEORY OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
THEORY OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
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DOI：
10.1038/165295a0
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发表时间：
1950-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
MOTT, NF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MOTT, NF
今年四月，法拉第协会召开了一次关于晶体生长的会议，由于引起了人们的兴趣，布里斯托大学物理系安排了一次暑期学校，于 1949 年 9 月 19 日至 24 日期间举行，以解释该学科的旧理论和过去一年中取得的一些最新进展。在暑期学校期间，组织者提供了迄今为止未知的证据，这为所提出的一些理论的正确性提供了相当戏剧性的证明；本文所关注的正是这些证据和理论。要讨论的主题是在过饱和度很小且在整个表面上几乎恒定的条件下，从蒸气或溶液中生长晶面。枝晶的形成不会详细讨论，但有必要先说几句话来处理它。枝晶在溶液中生长，因为角或突起突出到溶质浓度高于表面其他点的区域，因为晶体形成过程中溶质的消耗较少；如果任何点的生长仅取决于局部晶体取向和过饱和度，这些角将比表面上的其他点生长得更快，并形成更长的突起或枝晶，其末端随着突出得更远而比以往生长得更快。如果晶体以规则的形式生长，而没有从角落长出枝晶，则表明过饱和度不可能是唯一的控制因素。
AST'April the Faraday Society held a Conference on crystal growth, and as a consequence of the interest aroused the Physics Department of the University of Bristol arranged a Summer School, held during September 19–24, 1949, in order to explain both the older theories of this subject and some recent advances which have been made in the past year. During the Summer School evidence hitherto unknown to the organisers was produced, which gave a quite dramatic proof of the correctness of some of the theories put forward; and it is with this evidence and these theories that the present article is con-cerned.The subject to be discussed is the growth of a crystal face from the vapour or in solution, under conditions where the degree of supersaturation is small and nearly constant over the face. Dendrite formation will not be treated in detail, but a few words are necessary to dispose of it first. Dendrites grow in solution because a corner or protuberance sticks out into a region where the concentration of solute is higher than at other points on the surface, since it is less exhausted by the process of crystal formation; if growth at any point depends only on the local crystallographic orientation and the degree of supersaturation, these corners will grow faster than other points on the surface and form longer protuberances or dendrites, of which the ends will grow faster than ever as they protrude farther. If a crystal grows in a regular form, without dendrites sprouting from the corners, it shows that supersaturation cannot be the only controlling factor.