Learning and the persistence of appetite: Extinction and the motivation to eat and overeat
Learning and the persistence of appetite: Extinction and the motivation to eat and overeat
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.11.025
复制
发表时间：
2011-04-18
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Bouton, Mark E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bouton, Mark E.
现代世界充满了美味可口、唾手可得的食物，这为我们提供了许多将食物与环境线索和行为联系起来的机会（分别通过巴甫洛夫学习、操作学习或工具学习）。基本的学习过程通常可以增加接近和消费食物的倾向，而灭绝，即巴甫洛夫行为和操作性行为在拒绝进食时下降，削弱但不会消除这些倾向。当代研究表明，灭绝涉及一种新学习的抑制形式，这种形式看起来很脆弱，因为它高度依赖于表达的环境。这些想法得到了食欲学习中的更新、自发恢复、复苏、恢复和快速重新获得等现象的支持，这些现象一起可以帮助解释为什么暴饮暴食可能难以永久抑制，以及为什么食欲行为似乎如此持久。(C)2010年由Elsevier Inc.出版
The modern world is saturated with highly palatable and highly available food, providing many opportunities to associate food with environmental cues and actions (through Pavlovian and operant or instrumental learning, respectively). Basic learning processes can often increase the tendency to approach and consume food, whereas extinction, in which Pavlovian and operant behaviors decline when the reinforcer is withheld, weakens but does not erase those tendencies. Contemporary research suggests that extinction involves an inhibitory form of new learning that appears fragile because it is highly dependent on the context for expression. These ideas are supported by the phenomena of renewal, spontaneous recovery, resurgence, reinstatement, and rapid reacquisition in appetitive learning, which together may help explain why overeating may be difficult to suppress permanently, and why appetitive behavior may seem so persistent. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc.