Charging Drivers by the Pound: How Does the UK Vehicle Tax System Affect CO2 Emissions?
Charging Drivers by the Pound: How Does the UK Vehicle Tax System Affect CO2 Emissions?
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DOI：
10.1007/s10640-018-00310-x
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发表时间：
2019-09-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Linn, Joshua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cerruti, Davide;Alberini, Anna;Linn, Joshua
政策制定者一直在考虑征收车辆税和燃油税，以减少运输温室气体排放，但几乎没有证据表明这些方法的相对有效性。我们研究了每年的车辆登记税，车辆消费税（VED），这是基于碳排放率。英国于2001年首次采用该制度，并在随后几年对其进行了重大修改。使用高度分散的数据集在修剪变量水平的英国注册和新汽车的特点，我们估计的效果VED对新车注册和碳排放。VED增加了低排放车辆的采用，并阻止购买污染严重的车辆，但它对总排放量的影响很小。使用的经验估计，我们比较VED与两个假设的税收：一个税成比例的碳排放每公里，和碳税。VED减少新汽车的总排放量是排放率税的两倍，但是排放税的一半。排放税的大部分优势来自于对行驶里程的调整，而不是新车销售的构成。
Policymakers have been considering vehicle and fuel taxes to reduce transportation greenhouse gas emissions, but there is little evidence on the relative efficacy of these approaches. We examine an annual vehicle registration tax, the vehicle excise duty (VED), which is based on carbon emissions rates. The UK first adopted the system in 2001 and made substantial changes to it in the following years. Using a highly disaggregated dataset at the trim-variant level of UK registrations and characteristics of new cars, we estimate the effect of the VED on new vehicle registrations and their carbon emissions. The VED increased the adoption of low-emissions vehicles and discouraged the purchase of very polluting vehicles, but it had a small effect on aggregate emissions. Using the empirical estimates, we compare the VED with two hypothetical taxes: a tax proportional to carbon emissions per kilometer, and a carbon tax. The VED reduces total emissions from new cars twice as much as the emissions rate tax but by half as much as the emissions tax. Much of the advantage of the emissions tax arises from adjustments in miles driven, rather than the composition of the new car sales.