Bioassays to compare the systemic activity of three neonicotinoids for control of Heteronychus arator Fabricius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in maize
Bioassays to compare the systemic activity of three neonicotinoids for control of Heteronychus arator Fabricius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in maize
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DOI：
10.1016/s0261-2194(03)00116-9
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发表时间：
2003-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Drinkwater, TW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Drinkwater, TW
两种烟碱类拌种杀虫剂（吡虫啉和噻虫嗪）已在南非注册，用于控制黑玉米甲虫。玉米中的异爪螨。在实验室生物测定中比较了这两种烟碱类化合物和未注册的烟碱类化合物啶虫脒的全身易位拒食和/或驱避活性。在所有试验中，将处理的和未处理的种子种植在温室中，并将玉米幼苗的茎在玻璃小瓶中喂给成虫。测定对幼苗茎的损害（受损叶鞘的数量），并记录甲虫死亡率。对甲虫死亡率的结果表明，在1.75 g a.i.的剂量率下，烟碱类杀虫剂的系统转移杀虫活性不足。kg（-1）种子。受损玉米茎的数量、受损程度（受损叶鞘的平均数量）和甲虫造成严重损害的能力用作评价系统性易位拒食剂和/或驱避剂作用的功效的标准。由于大多数甲虫在被击退之前以茎为食，因此在试验开始时大量玉米茎被损坏。甲虫造成严重破坏的程度和能力都大大降低。然而，在啶虫脒和噻虫嗪的情况下，减少的量不够大，在一些试验中，高达53%的甲虫仍然能够造成严重的损害。这一观察结果表明，这两种化合物可能无法提供足够的控制在生长季节，当遇到高甲虫种群，从而增加了可能会损害一个以上的甲虫一株植物的概率。(C)2003 Flsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。
Two neonicotinoid seed dressing insecticides (imidacloprid and thiamethoxam) are registered in South Africa for control of the black maize beetle. Heteronychus arator, in maize. The systemically translocated antifeedant and/or repellent activity of these two neonicotinoids and an unregistered neonicotinoid, acetamiprid, were compared in laboratory bioassays. In all trials treated and untreated seed were planted in a greenhouse and stems of maize seedlings were fed to adults in glass vials. Damage to seedling stems (number of damaged leaf sheaths) was determined and beetle mortalities recorded. Results on beetle mortality indicated inadequate systemically translocated insecticidal activity of neonicotinoid insecticides at a dosage rate of 1.75 g a.i. kg(-1) seed. The number of damaged maize stems, extent of damage (mean number of damaged leaf sheaths) and ability of beetles to cause severe damage, served as criteria to evaluate the efficacy of the systemically translocated antifeedant and/or repellent action. Since the majority of beetles fed on the stems before they were repelled, a high number of maize stems were damaged at the onset of the trials. The extent of damage and the ability of the beetles to cause severe damage were significantly reduced. However, in the case of acetamiprid and thiamethoxam reductions were not large enough and in some trials up to 53% of the beetles were still able to cause severe damage. This observation indicates that these two compounds may not provide adequate control during growing seasons when high beetle populations are encountered, thus increasing the probability that more than one beetle may damage a single plant. (C) 2003 Flsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.