An updated phylogeny of Anisoptera including formal convergence analysis of morphological characters
An updated phylogeny of Anisoptera including formal convergence analysis of morphological characters
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/syen.12012
复制
发表时间：
2013-07-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Misof, Bernhard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blanke, Alexander;Greve, Carola;Misof, Bernhard
异翅目（蜻蜓）之间的家庭相互关系尚未解决。到目前为止，分子标记应用于解决家庭层面的关系并不是特别有用。以往的形态学研究主要依赖于翅脉和关节的特征，这些特征被认为是由于对不同飞行模式的适应而表现出相当程度的相似性。在这里，我们提出了一个全面的解剖数据集的头部形态的异翅目，专注于肌肉组织和内骨骼功能，涵盖了几乎所有的家庭。这些字符被详细说明，并纳入一个更新的形态特征矩阵，涵盖所有部分的车身。系统发育分析恢复所有科作为单系分支，除了Corduliidae，Gomphidae姐妹组所有剩余的异翅目，和Austropetaliidae姐妹组Aeshnidae（=Aeshnoidea）。石蛾科与石蛾总科的位置未能确定。Libelluloidea与Neopetalia和Cordulegastridae为第一分支。Chlorogomphidae是单系[Synthemistidae+（Corduliidae '+ Libellulidae）]的姐妹。此外，我们采用了最近发表的正式的方法来检测形态数据矩阵的一致收敛，并发现可能的homoplasies。分析表明，尤其是头、胸性状可能具有同源性。在排除可能的同源性特征后，证实了Gomphidae是所有剩余的异翅亚目的姐妹群。
Family interrelationships among Anisoptera (dragonflies) are unresolved. Molecular markers applied thus far have not been particularly useful for resolving relationships at the family level. Previous morphological studies have depended heavily on characters of wing venation and articulation which are believed to display considerable degrees of homoplasy due to adaptations to different flight modes. Here, we present a comprehensive anatomical dataset of the head morphology of Anisoptera focusing on muscle organization and endoskeletal features covering nearly all families. The characters are illustrated in detail and incorporated into an updated morphological character matrix covering all parts of the dragonfly body. Phylogenetic analysis recovers all families as monophyletic clades except Corduliidae, Gomphidae as sister group to all remaining Anisoptera, and Austropetaliidae as sister group to Aeshnidae (=Aeshnoidea). The position of Petaluridae and Aeshnoidea to each other could not be resolved. Libelluloidea is monophyletic with Neopetalia and Cordulegastridae as first splits. Chlorogomphidae is sister to monophyletic [Synthemistidae+(Corduliidae'+Libellulidae)]. In addition, we applied a recently published formal approach to detect concerted convergence in morphological data matrices and uncover possible homoplasies. Analyses show that especially head and thorax characters may harbour homoplasies. After exclusion of possible homoplastic characters, Gomphidae is corroborated as sister group to all remaining Anisoptera.