Mood effects of the amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine
Mood effects of the amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01706.x
复制
发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Brotchie, H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Parker, G.;Brotchie, H.
目的：反映出对任何营养对情绪障碍的发病和治疗的贡献的科学兴趣增加，我们概述了对两种神经递质前体-氨基酸色氨酸和酪氨酸-的研究，特别是检查任何缺乏是否会增加抑郁症的风险以及这些氨基酸是否具有任何抗抑郁特性。方法：通过考虑已发表的风险和干预研究、技术论文和评论，概述了这两种氨基酸的理论相关性。结果：有一些有限的证据表明，抑郁症患者，特别是那些患有神经性抑郁症的患者，色氨酸水平降低。这样的发现是否反映了因果关系的贡献或抑郁状态的后果仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。有一个小型数据库支持色氨酸制剂有益于抑郁情绪状态。有没有明确的证据表明，酪氨酸缺乏是否有助于抑郁症，而唯一的随机双盲研究酪氨酸补充剂没有显示抗抑郁benefit.Conclusion：急性色氨酸耗竭继续提供一个研究工具，调查的相关性血清素抑郁症发作。有有限的证据表明，色氨酸负荷是有效的治疗抑郁症，通过其行动，增加血清素的生产。大多数临床研究都有日期，涉及小样本量和/或没有安慰剂对照。新的血清素再摄取抑制剂药物的开发似乎标志着寻求这种促进血清素增加作为抑郁症治疗方法的结束。酪氨酸负荷促进儿茶酚胺生产作为一种可能的治疗抑郁症的证据似乎更没有希望，和耗尽的研究较少的信息。
Objective: Reflecting increased scientific interest in any nutritional contribution to the onset and treatment of mood disorders, we overview research into two neurotransmitter precursors - the amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine - particularly examining whether any deficiency increases risk to depression and whether those amino acids have any antidepressant properties.Method: The theoretical relevance of the two amino acids was overviewed by considering published risk and intervention studies, technical papers and reviews.Results: There is some limited evidence, suggesting that depressed patients, especially those with a melancholic depression, have decreased tryptophan levels. Whether such findings reflect a causal contribution or are a consequence of a depressed state remains an open question. There is a small database supporting tryptophan preparations as benefitting depressed mood states. There is no clear evidence as to whether tyrosine deficiency contributes to depression, while the only randomized double-blind study examining tyrosine supplementation did not show antidepressant benefit.Conclusion: Acute tryptophan depletion continues to provide a research tool for investigating the relevance of serotonin to depression onset. There is limited evidence that tryptophan loading is effective as a treatment for depression through its action of increasing serotonin production. Most clinical studies are dated, involve small sample sizes and/or were not placebo controlled. The development of the new serotonin reuptake inhibitor drugs seemingly signalled an end to pursuing such means of promoting increased serotonin as a treatment for depression. The evidence for tyrosine loading promoting catecholamine production as a possible treatment for depression appears even less promising, and depletion studies less informative.