The cellular basis of epithelial morphogenesis.
The cellular basis of epithelial morphogenesis.
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上皮形态发生的细胞基础。
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4613-2141-5_4
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kolega,J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kolega,J
上皮的决定性特征是其细胞形成有凝聚力的细胞片，细胞之间很少有脱细胞物质。大自然利用这种相对简单的排列方式，形成了功能和形态多样性巨大的组织。在成年生物体中，上皮覆盖并保护身体，排列在从环境中吸收营养和代谢物的表面（如在肺和肠中），并形成腺器官的管、导管和腺泡。它们参与运输、过滤、内分泌和外分泌合成功能，并维持身体各部分之间的化学和电差异。上皮细胞也在形态发生中起主导作用。在发育过程中，原肠胚中的上皮运动负责制定整个身体计划的大部分重组，上皮的折叠，扩展，出芽，空化和分层产生了大多数器官的基本结构。在形态发生过程中，上皮细胞可形成细胞簇、索或舌。它们也可以分散，产生间充质细胞，而间充质细胞又可以形成非上皮结构或重新聚集形成新的上皮。上皮细胞产生这种丰富的形式和功能的方法是本章的主题。
The definitive trait of an epithelium is that its cells form cohesive cell sheets with little acellular material interposed between the cells. Nature has employed this relatively simple arrangement to fashion tissues of enormous functional and morphological diversity. In adult organisms, epithelia cover and protect the body, line the surfaces that absorb nutrients and metabolites from the environment (as in the lung and intestine), and form the tubes, ducts, and acini of glandular organs. They engage in transport, filtration, endocrine and exocrine synthetic functions, and the maintenance of chemical and electrical differentials between body compartments. Epithelia also play the lead roles in morphogenesis. During development, epithelial movement in gastrulation is responsible for much of the reorganization that lays down the overall body plan, and the folding, spreading, budding, cavitation, and delamination of epithelia produce the basic structure of most organs. In the course of morphogenesis, epithelia can form clusters, cords, or tongues of cells. They can also disperse, giving rise to mesenchymal cells, which in turn either form nonepithelial structures or reaggregate to form new epithelia. The means by which epithelial cells produce this wealth of form and function is the subject of this chapter.