Immunopathogenesis of delayed-type hypersensitivity
Immunopathogenesis of delayed-type hypersensitivity
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DOI：
10.1002/jemt.1090
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发表时间：
2001-05-15
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Kasama, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kobayashi, K;Kaneda, K;Kasama, T
细胞介导的免疫被定义为有益的宿主应答，其特征在于特异性T细胞的扩增群体，其在抗原存在下局部产生细胞因子。细胞的激活和募集到炎症区域是DTH反应发展的关键步骤。DTH在免疫学上类似于细胞介导的免疫，涉及T细胞和细胞因子。通过巨噬细胞产生的IL-12和IL-18从初始Th细胞分化的CD 4辅助性T（Th）1细胞，通过Th 1和自然杀伤细胞产生的干扰素γ在DTH的表达和巨噬细胞的活化中起调节作用。巨噬细胞在DTH部位聚集，并通过CD 4 Th 1细胞-细胞因子-巨噬细胞轴被激活。然而，DTH导致病理反应，如肉芽肿性炎症、钙化、干酪样坏死和空洞形成。肉芽肿通常是由于不可降解产品的持续存在或DTH反应的结果而形成的。DTH也是宿主防御病原体如结核分枝杆菌所必需的。细胞介导的免疫/DTH的表达是一把双刃剑，可能有助于病原体的清除和组织损伤。(C)2001 Wiley-Liss，Inc.
Cell-mediated immunity is defined as a beneficial host response characterized by an expanded population of specific T cells, which, in the presence of antigens, produce cytokines locally. The activation and recruitment of cells into an area of inflammation is a crucial step in the development of DTH responses. DTH is immunologically a process similar to cell-mediated immunity, involving T cells and cytokines. CD4 T helper (Th) 1 cells, differentiated from naive Th cells by IL-12 and IL-18 produced from macrophages, play a regulatory role in the expression of DTH and activation of macrophages via interferon gamma generated by Th1 and natural killer cells. Macrophages accumulate at the site of DTH and become activated through the CD4 Th1 cell-cytokine-macrophage axis. However, DTH leads to pathologic responses, such as granulomatous inflammation, calcification, caseation necrosis, and cavity formation. Granulomas usually form as a result of the persistence of a nondegradable product or as the result of DTH responses. DTH is also required for host defense against etiologic agents, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The expression of cell-mediated immunity/DTH is a double-edged sword that may contribute to both clearance of the etiologic agent and tissue damage. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.