Global decline in aggregated migrations of large terrestrial mammals
Global decline in aggregated migrations of large terrestrial mammals
复制标题
DOI：
10.3354/esr00173
复制
发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Berger, Joel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harris, Grant;Thirgood, Simon;Berger, Joel
关于哺乳动物迁徙的知识很少，而人类对迁徙的影响很大。这危及保护陆地迁徙的努力。为了帮助保护这些迁徙，我们综合了世界各地的信息，描述了24种聚集迁徙的大型有蹄类动物。这一综合包括灭绝和现存的迁徙地图、迁徙人数、生态驱动因素和迁徙面临的威胁的摘要。由于经常缺乏数据，我们概述了科学解决保护行动并为其提供信息的步骤。我们根据这个框架对移民进行评估，并报告了他们的状况。有6个物种的大规模迁徙已经灭绝或未知。大多数剩余的移徙者(n=9)来自非洲的6个地点，欧亚大陆和北美洲分别有6个和4个剩余的大批移徙者(驯鹿/驯鹿Rangifer Tarandus在这两个地区都有)。除了塞伦盖蒂-马拉生态系统(SME)中的角马和其他候鸟、苏丹的白耳科动物和天牛以及一些驯鹿种群外，所有候鸟的数量都出现了下降。保护区只有5种物种迁徙，包括中小型企业、青藏高原的藏羚羊和北美的一些驯鹿种群。大多数大规模迁徙跟踪大草原、草原和草原上绿化植被的季节性和变化模式。主要威胁包括过度狩猎和家畜、农业造成的栖息地丧失，以及将动物排除在饲料或水之外的栅栏。保护科学忽略了大量的迁徙，所以许多已经消失了，并且还在继续。以中小企业和大黄石生态系统(GYE)为代表的保护移民的关键原则包括确保季节性范围、资源保护、政府支持和最大限度地减少围栏。这一审查形成了对许多需要注意的有蹄类迁徙启动保护行动的基线。
Knowledge of mammal migrations is low, and human impacts on migrations high. This jeopardizes efforts to conserve terrestrial migrations. To aid the conservation of these migrations, we synthesized information worldwide, describing 24 large-bodied ungulates that migrate in aggregations. This synthesis includes maps of extinct and extant migrations, numbers of migrants, summaries of ecological drivers and threats migrants confront. As data are often lacking, we outlined steps for science to address and inform conservation actions. We evaluated migrants against this framework, and reported their status. Mass migrations for 6 species are extinct or unknown. Most remaining migrants (n = 9) occur from 6 locations in Africa, with Eurasia and North America containing 6 and 4 remaining mass migrants, respectively (with caribou/reindeer Rangifer tarandus occurring in both regions). All migrants declined in abundance, except wildebeest and other migrants in the Serengeti-Mara Ecosystem (SME), white-eared kob and tiang in Sudan, and some caribou populations. Protected areas only contain migrations for 5 species in the SME, chiru on the Tibetan Plateau, and some caribou populations in North America. Most mass migrants track the seasonal and shifting patterns of greening vegetation over expanses of savannahs, steppes, and grasslands. Principal threats include overhunting and habitat loss from livestock, agriculture, and fencing that excludes animals from forage or water. Conservation science overlooks numerous migrations, so many have already disappeared and continue to do so. Key principles for conserving migrants, exemplified by the SME and Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), include securing seasonal ranges, resource protection, government support and minimizing fences. This review forms a baseline for initiating conservation action for many ungulate migrations needing attention.