Assessing the validity of ape-human comparisons: a reply to Boesch (2007).
Assessing the validity of ape-human comparisons: a reply to Boesch (2007).
复制标题
评估猿与人类比较的有效性：对 Boesch (2007) 的答复。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
J. Call
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Tomasello;J. Call
Boesch(2007)批评了在内部和外部有效性的基础上比较类人猿和人类认知的研究。作者在这里指出，大多数批评都是站不住脚的，因为：(I)大多数对内部有效性的威胁(例如，针对人类的同种实验者，而不是猿)是通过实验控制的；(Ii)外部没有经验证据表明圈养类人猿的认知技能比野生类人猿少，确实有一些证据(特别是来自人养的类人猿)表明他们拥有更多的认知技能；(Iii)外部没有经验证据表明西方中产阶级儿童在很小的时候就在基本认知领域与其他儿童有不同的认知技能。尽管困难，但如果有适当的方法注意，实验中的跨物种比较可能是有效的。
Boesch (2007) criticizes research comparing ape and human cognition on the basis of both internal and external validity. The authors show here that most of those criticisms are not valid because: (i) most threats to internal validity (e.g., conspecific experimenters for humans but not apes) are controlled for experimentally; (ii) externally, there is no empirical evidence that captive apes have fewer cognitive skills than wild apes and indeed some evidence (especially from human-raised apes) that they have more; and (iii) externally, there is no empirical evidence that Western middle-class children have different cognitive skills from other children at very early ages in basic cognitive domains. Although difficult, with appropriate methodological care, experimental cross-species comparisons may be validly made.