Enzymatic functionalization of carbon-hydrogen bonds.

Enzymatic functionalization of carbon-hydrogen bonds.
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DOI:
10.1039/c0cs00067a
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发表时间:
2011-04
影响因子:
46.2
通讯作者:
Arnold FH
Arnold FH
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lewis JC;Coelho PS;Arnold FH

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由于这些转化相对于传统合成方法具有显著的经济和环境效益,使碳-氢(C-H)键官能化的新催化方法的开发继续快速进展。在自然界中,酶在环境反应条件下使用从羟基化到加氢烷基化的转化催化区域选择性和立体选择性C-H键官能化。这些酶相对于类似化学过程的效率导致它们在制备和工业应用中作为生物催化剂的使用增加。此外,与小分子催化剂不同,酶可以通过针对特定应用的定向进化进行系统优化,并且可以在体内表达以增强活生物体的生物合成能力。虽然许多酶用于C-H键官能化的实际应用仍然必须克服各种技术挑战,但对天然酶和新型人工金属酶的持续研究将导致改进的合成方法,以有效合成复杂分子。在这篇评论中,我们讨论了酶用于功能化非酸性C-H键的最普遍的机械策略,这些酶用于化学合成的应用和发展,以及这些强大的催化剂独特地实现的一些潜在的生物合成能力。
The development of new catalytic methods to functionalize carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds continues to progress at a rapid pace due to the significant economic and environmental benefits of these transformations over traditional synthetic methods. In nature, enzymes catalyze regio- and stereoselective C-H bond functionalization using transformations ranging from hydroxylation to hydroalkylation under ambient reaction conditions. The efficiency of these enzymes relative to analogous chemical processes has led to their increased use as biocatalysts in preparative and industrial applications. Furthermore, unlike small molecule catalysts, enzymes can be systematically optimized via directed evolution for a particular application and can be expressed in vivo to augment the biosynthetic capability of living organisms. While a variety of technical challenges must still be overcome for practical application of many enzymes for C-H bond functionalization, continued research on natural enzymes and on novel artificial metalloenzymes will lead to improved synthetic processes for efficient synthesis of complex molecules. In this critical review, we discuss the most prevalent mechanistic strategies used by enzymes to functionalize non-acidic C-H bonds, the application and evolution of these enzymes for chemical synthesis, and a number of potential biosynthetic capabilities uniquely enabled by these powerful catalysts.
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