Test balloons? Small signs of big events: A qualitative study on circumstances facilitating adults' awareness of children's first signs of sexual abuse
Test balloons? Small signs of big events: A qualitative study on circumstances facilitating adults' awareness of children's first signs of sexual abuse
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.06.007
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发表时间：
2013-09-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Haugstvedt, Eli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Flam, Anna Margrete;Haugstvedt, Eli
这项研究调查了照顾者对儿童首发性虐待迹象的认识。其目的是探索在日常自然环境中促进成年人意识到第一征兆的环境。数据来自挪威一所大学医院的门诊专科精神卫生诊所。所有案件(N=20)均在向警方和儿童保护机构报告的性虐待被揭发后的两年期间转介接受治疗。事后，作为治疗的一部分，非虐待照顾者对第一症状的意识被回忆起来。定性分析被用来记录照顾者的经历。根据照顾者的确认，所有的孩子都有症状。此后，孩子们要么停止、推迟，要么立即揭发性虐待。最初的迹象是，每个孩子都有时间和关注来自信任的成年人，与施虐者有联系，并表现出对此人或相关活动持保留态度的迹象。然后，如果遇到封闭的答案，第一个迹象就会被认为是一次性事件而被拒绝。如果遇到开放式答案和后续问题，孩子们会继续讲述。只有在有亲密身体活动或与性虐待相关的内容的情况下，才会提示明确的消息。总而言之，当值得信赖的成年人提供开门时，孩子们会使用；当仔细提示时，孩子们会说话；当深思熟虑地询问时，孩子们会告诉别人。这项研究表明，儿童性虐待的迹象可以被理解为探索理解以及是否应该采取任何措施的“测试气球”。揭露的继续取决于值得信任的成年人的对话调谐和补充的开门。这项研究不同于行为标记物的概念，也不同于有目的的或无意的披露，它呼吁人们更广泛地关注：最初迹象的时刻嵌入到对话中。在第一个迹象出现的时刻出现了一种独特性：无论是形成这样的时刻，还是将它们转变为见面的时刻，共同探索和讲述，都取决于值得信赖的照顾者如何为孩子提供披露的机会。因此，需要处理支助提议，不仅是为了加强儿童的倾诉能力，而且也是为了让照顾者和专业人员考虑到对儿童的对话导向的敏感性的必要性，无论是为了告诉发生还是为了进行听证。(C)2013年提交人。爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
This research examined caregivers' awareness of children's first signs of sexual abuse. The aim was to explore circumstances that facilitate adults' awareness of first signs in everyday natural settings. Data were obtained from a Norwegian university hospital's outpatient specialty mental health clinic. Included were all cases (N=20) referred during a two-year period for treatment after the disclosure of sexual abuse that was reported to the police and child protective service. Nonabusing caregivers' awareness of first signs were recollected in hindsight as part of therapy. Qualitative analysis was conducted to capture caregivers' experiences. As identified by caregivers, all children gave signs. Thereafter, children either stopped, delayed, or immediately disclosed sexual abuse. At first signs, each child had time and attention from trusted adults, connection to the abuser, and exhibited signs of reservation against that person or related activities. Then, if met with closed answers, first signs were rebuffed as once-occurring events. If met with open answers and follow-up questions, children continued to tell. Unambiguous messages were prompted only in settings with intimate bodily activity or sexual abuse related content. In sum, when trusted adults provided door-openings, children used them; when carefully prompted, children talked; when thoughtfully asked, children told. The study suggests that children's signs of sexual abuse can be understood as "test balloons" to explore understanding and whether anything is to be done. A disclosing continuation hinges on the trusted adult's dialogical attunement and supplementary door-openings. Divergent from an idea of behavioural markers, or purposeful versus accidental disclosures, this study calls for a broader attention: Moments of first signs are embedded in dialogue. A uniqueness at moments of first signs appears: Both to form such moments and to transform them into moments of meeting for joint exploration and telling, hinge upon how trusted caregivers scaffold opportunities for the child to disclose. Subsequently, support offers need to be addressed not only to strengthen children to tell, but also for caregivers and professionals to take into account the necessity of a dialogically oriented sensitivity towards children, both for telling to occur and for hearing to take place. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.