Cellular scaling rules for rodent brains
Cellular scaling rules for rodent brains
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0604911103
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发表时间：
2006-08-08
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Lent, Roberto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herculano-Houzel, Suzana;Mota, Bruno;Lent, Roberto
细胞数量和大小如何决定大脑的大小？在这里，我们表明，在啮齿目，大脑皮层，小脑和其余地区的大小增加，在6个物种是通过更大数量的神经元的大小较大，和更大数量的非神经元细胞的大小大致不变，这样的比例之间的总神经元和非神经元质量保持不变的物种。虽然小脑的相对大小在啮齿类动物中保持稳定，但小脑神经元的数量随着大脑大小的增加比皮质中更快，使得小脑神经元占总脑神经元的比例随着大脑大小的增加而增加。相比之下，虽然相对皮质的大小与总脑大小增加，总脑神经元的皮质分数保持不变。我们建议，在大脑皮层中的平均神经元的大小比在小脑中更快的增加，因为这些结构获得神经元和迅速增加的胶质细胞数量，产生胶质细胞质量，以匹配总神经元质量在一个固定的胶质细胞/神经元总质量比是基本的细胞限制，导致跨物种的大脑皮层体积的相对扩张。
How do cell number and size determine brain size? Here, we show that, in the order Rodentia, increased size of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and remaining areas across six species is achieved through greater numbers of neurons of larger size, and much greater numbers of nonneuronal cells of roughly invariant size, such that the ratio between total neuronal and nonneuronal mass remains constant across species. Although relative cerebellar size remains stable among rodents, the number of cerebellar neurons increases with brain size more rapidly than in the cortex, such that the cerebellar fraction of total brain neurons increases with brain size. In contrast, although the relative cortical size increases with total brain size, the cortical fraction of total brain neurons remains constant. We propose that the faster increase in average neuronal size in the cerebral cortex than in the cerebellum as these structures gain neurons and the rapidly increasing glial numbers that generate glial mass to match total neuronal mass at a fixed glia/neuron total mass ratio are fundamental cellular constraints that lead to the relative expansion of cerebral cortical volume across species.