The Uneven Later Work Course: Intersectional Gender, Age, Race, and Class Disparities
The Uneven Later Work Course: Intersectional Gender, Age, Race, and Class Disparities
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不均匀的后期工作课程：交叉性别、年龄、种族和阶级差异
DOI：
10.1093/geronb/gbab039
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wang, Janet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moen, Phyllis;Flood, Sarah M;Wang, Janet
目的后来的成人工作依恋和退出是不断变化的，这表明有必要了解当代人口水平的工作和非工作路径的范围，以及重叠的社会位置的变化。我们记录了每月工作依恋的模式连续性和变化，并分析了年龄、性别、教育程度和种族/民族的交叉影响。方法我们利用2008年至2016年当前人口调查中16个月的大量微观面板数据，经验性地识别月度状态的模式路径：全职、长时间、兼职、个体户或失业；因为残疾、家庭护理或其他原因而没有工作，或者因为一个人定义自己退休。结果对346,488名年龄在50-75岁的美国女性和男性进行的分析揭示了工作依恋的时间和性质的模式弹性，表现为六种不同的路径。我们的横截面分析显示了差异和差异：受过教育的白人男性的优势，低教育程度的60岁出头的黑人男性和女性的劣势，以及不同年龄段的性别、教育和种族/民族在后来的工作过程中的交叉影响。到了70年代，我们发现社会标记的趋同。讨论这项研究强调了交叉分析的重要性，将成年后期的性别工作过程重新描述为一个在种族/民族、阶级和年龄相互塑造的类别内更加复杂的框架。年长的美国人在工作和非工作中经历着模式化、不平坦的道路。我们建议在多个交叉的社会地点展开的受限和不同选择的动态方面提供额外的学术研究。
ObjectivesLater adult work attachments and exits are in flux, suggesting the need for understanding both the range of contemporary population-level pathways of work and nonwork and variations by overlapping social locations. We document patterned continuity and change in monthly work attachments and analyze the intersecting effects of age, gender, education, and race/ethnicity.MethodsWe capitalize on massive microlevel 16-month panel data from the Current Population Survey from 2008 through 2016 to empirically identify patterned pathways of monthly states: working full-time, long hours, part-time; being self-employed or unemployed; not working because of a disability, due to family care or other reasons, or because one defines oneself as retired.ResultsAnalyses of 346,488 American women and men aged 50–75 years reveal patterned elasticity in the timing and nature of work attachments in the form of six distinctive pathways. Our intersectional analyses illustrate divergences and disparities: advantages for educated White men, disadvantages for low-educated Black men and women through their early 60s, and intersecting effects of gender, education, and race/ethnicity during the later work course across age groups. We find convergence across social markers by the 70s.DiscussionThis research highlights the importance of intersectional analysis, recasting the gendered work course in later adulthood into a framework of even greater complexities within mutually shaping categories of race/ethnicity, class, and age. Older Americans experience patterned, uneven pathways around work and nonwork. We recommend additional scholarship on the dynamics of constrained and disparate choices unfolding across multiple intersecting social locations.