Changing behaviour: using motivational interviewing techniques.
Changing behaviour: using motivational interviewing techniques.
复制标题
改变行为：使用动机访谈技巧。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
17.3
通讯作者：
C. Bundy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Bundy
行为是我们的信念和感觉相互作用的结果。如果我们想改变行为，就必须改变与这种行为相关的潜在信念和感受。我们都是习惯的生物，有目的的行为改变既难以实现，更难以维持。在健康的背景下，有许多因素影响我们是否实现行为改变，其中改变行为的内在动机或意图的水平只是其中之一。影响行为改变的其他重要因素包括行为背后的信念；它的价值；变化的预期成本和收益；改变的障碍；关于我们执行行为改变的能力的信念；尤其是别人的支持和加强。直到最近，人们还认为，如果人们被告知与不健康行为有关的风险，这就足以使他们转变为更健康的模式。对健康教育运动的大量投资相对较少的回报证明情况并非如此。人们的信仰并不是简单地基于他们被告知要相信的东西。当代的健康促进模式要复杂得多，并考虑到有关健康和疾病的信念以及这些信念与行为的关系。为在人口一级改变健康行为而采取的大规模干预措施正在迅速增加，人口健康活动的很大一部分侧重于改变最明显的心脏病、中风或糖尿病的危险行为。有证据表明，在人口层面上，健康行为可以受到健康促进技术的影响1,2，但很大一部分有健康问题的患者没有改变健康风险行为，甚至更少的人保持了风险状况的改变。这仍然是卫生保健规划的一个重大问题。
Behaviour is the result of the interaction between what we believe and how we feel. If we want to change behaviour it is necessary to change the underlying beliefs and feelings related to that behaviour. We are all creatures of habit and purposeful behaviour change is both difficult to achieve and even more difficult to maintain. There are many factors that influence whether we achieve behaviour change in a health context, of which the level of intrinsic motivation or intention to change that behaviour is but one. Other significant factors that influence behaviour change include the beliefs underlying the behaviour; the value of it; the perceived costs and benefits of changing; the barriers to changing; beliefs about our ability to perform the behaviour change; and not least the support and reinforcement of others. Until recently it was assumed that if people were informed about the risks associated with unhealthy behaviour this would be sufficient for them to change to a healthier pattern. The large amounts of investment in the health education movement for relatively little return proved this was not the case. People’s beliefs are not based simply on what they are told to believe. Contemporary models of health promotion are a good deal more sophisticated and take account of beliefs about health and illness and how those beliefs relate to behaviour. Large-scale interventions to produce change in health behaviour at the population level are gathering apace and a significant proportion of population health activity is focused on changing risk behaviours for, most notably, heart disease, stroke or diabetes. There is evidence that health behaviours can be influenced by health promotion techniques at the population level,1,2 but significant proportions of patients with health problems do not achieve change in health risk behaviour, and even fewer maintain changes to risk status. It remains a significant problem for health care planning.