"It's making contacts": notions of social capital and implications for widening access to medical education
"It's making contacts": notions of social capital and implications for widening access to medical education
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DOI：
10.1007/s10459-016-9735-0
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发表时间：
2017-05-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Cleland, J. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nicholson, S.;Cleland, J. A.
在英国，扩大入学机会（WA）活动和政策旨在增加社会经济地位较低群体在高等教育中的比例。虽然与全纳教育的政治说辞相关联，但此类举措未能显著增加进入医学领域的这类学生的数量。一种将扩大入学机会的申请者和学生描述为缺乏在医学教育中取得成功的关键技能或特质的言论，使情况更加复杂。到目前为止，该领域的许多研究都很薄弱，更好地理解扩大入学机会的申请者和学生如何应对医学入学和教育以推动变革至关重要。为了填补这一空白，我们整合了三项关于学生进入医学领域的扩大入学机会经历的定性研究的更大数据集（总共48名参与者）。我们以社会资本作为理论视角对研究结果进行归纳分析，根据“弱关系”以及“桥接资本和连接资本”（该领域先前研究人员使用的术语）的概念，创建代码并将其归类，以更好地理解医学教育中学生的历程。来自社会经济地位较低群体的成功申请者能够识别并利用弱关系来创造连接资本。然而，一旦进入医学院，这些学生似乎不太清楚有效创造资本的必要性或方法。我们认为，扩大入学机会活动应支持增加代表性不足的申请者和学生的社会资本，未来的选拔政策需要考虑学生不同的社会资本，以免使某些社会群体明显处于不利地位。
In the UK widening access (WA) activities and policies aim to increase the representation from lower socio-economic groups into Higher Education. Whilst linked to a political rhetoric of inclusive education such initiatives have however failed to significantly increase the number of such students entering medicine. This is compounded by a discourse that portrays WA applicants and students as lacking the essential skills or attributes to be successful in medical education. Much of the research in this area to date has been weak and it is critical to better understand how WA applicants and students negotiate medical admissions and education to inform change. To address this gap we amalgamated a larger dataset from three qualitative studies of student experiences of WA to medicine (48 participants in total). Inductively analysing the findings using social capital as a theoretical lens we created and clustered codes into categories, informed by the concepts of "weak ties" and "bridging and linking capital", terms used by previous workers in this field, to better understand student journeys in medical education. Successful applicants from lower socio-economic groups recognise and mobilise weak ties to create linking capital. However once in medical school these students seem less aware of the need for, or how to create, capital effectively. We argue WA activities should support increasing the social capital of under-represented applicants and students, and future selection policy needs to take into account the varying social capital of students, so as to not overtly disadvantage some social groups.