Rabies control in North America - past, present and future
Rabies control in North America - past, present and future
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DOI：
10.20506/rst.37.2.2812
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
Fehlner-Gardiner, C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fehlner-Gardiner, C.
在世纪上半叶，犬狂犬病影响了加拿大、墨西哥和美利坚合众国（美国）。然而，野生动物在狂犬病病毒传播中的作用也得到了承认，并记录了影响野生动物和家畜的疫情。犬狂犬病已经从加拿大和美国被消灭，现在只在墨西哥南部的几个州零星发现。野生动物变异狂犬病病毒在整个非洲大陆都有发现，在地理上与特定的宿主物种有关，对公共和动物健康以及经济都有显著的影响。早期的狂犬病控制工作包括立法的狗管理策略和野生动物种群减少，取得了不同的成功。在过去的30年里，控制犬和野生动物狂犬病的计划受益于“综合管理方法”，结合教育，疫苗接种（肠胃外和口服），战略人口控制，负责任的宠物所有权和有效的自然资源管理，以及地方，国家和国际利益相关者之间的合作与协作。展望未来，消除特定野生动物病毒变种的目标将受到气候变化和其他因素导致的宿主物种范围扩大的潜在挑战，以及重新引入已消除病毒变种的风险。要取得成功，方案必须持续下去，并辅之以疫苗方面的进展、强化的分配战略、实地监测和有效的疾病传播模型。他们还应了解强有力的病例监测、遗传学和更多的病媒生态学知识。
In the first half of the 20th century, rabies in dogs affected Canada, Mexico and the United States of America (USA). However, the role of wildlife in the transmission of the rabies virus was also recognised and outbreaks affecting both wildlife and domestic animals were documented. Canine rabies has since been eliminated from Canada and the USA, and is now only found sporadically in a few southern states of Mexico. Wildlife variant rabies viruses, found throughout the continent and geographically associated with specific reservoir species, have notable public and animal health, as well as economic, impacts. Early rabies control efforts included legislated dog management strategies and wildlife population reduction, which met with varying success. In the last 30 years, programmes for the control of rabies in dogs and wildlife have benefited from an 'Integrated Management Approach', combining education, vaccination (parenteral and oral), strategic population control, responsible pet ownership and effective stewardship of natural resources, in addition to cooperation and collaboration among local, national and international stakeholders. Looking ahead, the goal of eliminating specific wildlife virus variants will be challenged by the potential range expansion of reservoir species, due to climate change and other factors, and the risk of re-introducing eliminated virus variants. To be successful, programmes must be sustained and accompanied by advances in vaccines, enhanced distribution strategies, monitoring in the field and effective modelling of disease spread. They should also be informed by robust case surveillance, phylogenetics and an increased knowledge of vector ecology.