Benchmarking Organic Micropollutants in Wastewater, Recycled Water and Drinking Water with In Vitro Bioassays
Benchmarking Organic Micropollutants in Wastewater, Recycled Water and Drinking Water with In Vitro Bioassays
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DOI：
10.1021/es403899t
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发表时间：
2014-02-04
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Leusch, Frederic D. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Escher, Beate I.;Allinson, Mayumi;Leusch, Frederic D. L.
数以千计的有机微污染物及其转化产物发生在水中。虽然通常以低浓度存在，但个别化合物会产生混合效应。因此，以健康相关的生物终点为目标的基于细胞的生物测定可作为水质评价化学分析的补充。本研究的目的是评估以细胞为基础的生物测定法对基准水质的适用性，并评估水处理工艺的有效性。所选的生物测定涵盖了毒性途径的相关步骤，包括诱导外源代谢，毒性作用的特异性和反应性模式，适应性应激反应途径和系统反应的激活。20个实验室对在澳大利亚收集的一组常见的10个水样进行了103种独特的体外生物测定，包括废水处理厂的废水、两种类型的循环水（反渗透和臭氧化/活性炭过滤）、雨水、地表水和饮用水。65项生物测定（63%）在至少一种样品（通常是废水处理厂的废水）中显示阳性结果，而在对照（超纯水）中只有5项（5%）呈阳性。每种水类型都有其独特的生物分析特征，具有特定的毒性途径组，在整个测试系统中要么一致响应，要么不响应。最敏感的健康相关终点与外源代谢（妊娠X和芳烃受体）、激素介导的作用模式（主要与雌激素、糖皮质激素和抗雄激素活性有关）、反应性作用模式（遗传毒性）和适应性应激反应途径（氧化应激反应）有关。该研究表明，选定的基于细胞的生物测定法适用于基准水质，并建议使用专门定制的生物测定法进行常规监测。
Thousands of organic micropollutants and their transformation products occur in water. Although often present at low concentrations, individual compounds contribute to mixture effects. Cell-based bioassays that target health-relevant biological endpoints may therefore complement chemical analysis for water quality assessment. The objective of this study was to evaluate cell-based bioassays for their suitability to benchmark water quality and to assess efficacy of water treatment processes. The selected bioassays cover relevant steps in the toxicity pathways including induction of xenobiotic metabolism, specific and reactive modes of toxic action, activation of adaptive stress response pathways and system responses. Twenty laboratories applied 103 unique in vitro bioassays to a common set of 10 water samples collected in Australia, including wastewater treatment plant effluent, two types of recycled water (reverse osmosis and ozonation/activated carbon filtration), stormwater, surface water, and drinking water. Sixty-five bioassays (63%) showed positive results in at least one sample, typically in wastewater treatment plant effluent, and only five (5%) were positive in the control (ultrapure water). Each water type had a characteristic bioanalytical profile with particular groups of toxicity pathways either consistently responsive or not responsive across test systems. The most responsive health-relevant endpoints were related to xenobiotic metabolism (pregnane X and aryl hydrocarbon receptors), hormone-mediated modes of action (mainly related to the estrogen, glucocorticoid, and antiandrogen activities), reactive modes of action (genotoxicity) and adaptive stress response pathway (oxidative stress response). This study has demonstrated that selected cell-based bioassays are suitable to benchmark water quality and it is recommended to use a purpose-tailored panel of bioassays for routine monitoring.