The Extended Flare in CTA 102 in 2016 and 2017 within a Hadronic Model through Cloud Ablation by the Relativistic Jet
The Extended Flare in CTA 102 in 2016 and 2017 within a Hadronic Model through Cloud Ablation by the Relativistic Jet
复制标题
2016 年和 2017 年 CTA 102 中的扩展耀斑在强子模型中通过相对论喷流的云烧蚀
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
A. Wierzcholska
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Zacharias;M. Böttcher;F. Jankowsky;J. Lenain;S. Wagner;A. Wierzcholska
平谱射电类星体CTA 102（红移1.037）从2016年底到2017年初展示了一个非常明亮的长达四个月的爆发。在以前的论文中，我们解释的事件作为烧蚀的气体云的相对论射流。多波长的数据已被复制得很好，在这个模型中使用轻子发射方案。在这里，我们扩展了工作，通过使用强子的情况下，这给了我们更大的自由度，相对于喷流内的发射区域的位置。这一点很重要，因为推断出的气体云参数取决于与黑洞的距离。虽然强子模型面临着调用超爱丁顿喷流光度的问题，但它很好地再现了长期趋势和长达数天的次耀斑。虽然后者导致推断的云参数与宽线区域云的预期参数相匹配，但长期趋势与这种解释不一致。我们探讨了云是来自红巨星星星的大气层或来自穿过喷流的恒星形成区域的可能性。后者也可以解释CTA 102从2015年底到2018年初持续时间更长的活动阶段。
The flat-spectrum radio quasar CTA 102 (redshift 1.037) exhibited a tremendously bright four-month-long outburst from late 2016 to early 2017. In a previous paper, we interpreted the event as the ablation of a gas cloud by the relativistic jet. The multiwavelength data have been reproduced very well within this model using a leptonic emission scenario. Here we expand that work by using a hadronic scenario, which gives us greater freedom with respect to the location of the emission region within the jet. This is important, since the inferred gas cloud parameters depend on the distance from the black hole. While the hadronic model faces the problem of invoking super-Eddington jet luminosities, it reproduces well the long-term trend and also days-long subflares. While the latter result in inferred cloud parameters that match those expected for clouds of the broad-line region, the long-term trend is not compatible with such an interpretation. We explore the possibilities that the cloud is from the atmosphere of a red giant star or comes from a star-forming region that passes through the jet. The latter could also explain the much longer-lasting activity phase of CTA 102 from late 2015 until early 2018.