A comparison of studies on the effects of controlled exposure to fine, coarse and ultrafine ambient particulate matter from a single location
A comparison of studies on the effects of controlled exposure to fine, coarse and ultrafine ambient particulate matter from a single location
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DOI：
10.1080/08958370701492706
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Devlin, Robert B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Samet, James M.;Graff, Donald;Devlin, Robert B.
流行病学和毒理学研究表明，颗粒大小是环境颗粒物（PM）毒性的一个重要决定因素。为了表征不同颗粒大小的颗粒对人体心血管、血液和肺部的影响，我们对正常志愿者进行了受控的人体暴露，暴露于从北卡罗来纳州查佩尔山环境空气中浓缩的超细、细和粗颗粒。年龄在18 - 35岁之间的健康非吸烟男性和女性受试者参与了这些研究。使用配有尺寸选择性出口的颗粒浓缩器进行暴露。这些设备能够产生超过环境水平10至20倍的浓缩系数。测量的心血管终点包括心率变异性和T波交替，以及肺功能参数。受试者在暴露于PM或清洁空气后18小时接受支气管镜检查和支气管肺泡灌洗。对灌洗液和血液样本进行了一系列血液学、细胞毒性和炎性损伤标志物的测定。这些研究的设计允许直接比较集中的环境PM作为粒径的函数的影响。所呈现的数据揭示了浓缩PM暴露对正常成人受试者的心血管、肺和血液学参数的适度尺寸分数依赖性影响。这些研究结果具有相关的影响，为未来的腔室研究的设计和颗粒尺寸分数在PM暴露于人类的不良健康影响的作用。
Particle size has been implicated by epidemiological and toxicological studies as an important determinant of the toxicity of ambient particulate matter (PM). In an effort to characterize the cardiovascular, hematological and pulmonary effects of different PM size fractions in humans, we have conducted controlled human exposures of normal volunteers to ultrafine-,fine- and coarse- fraction PM concentrated from ambient air in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Healthy non-smoking male and female subjects between the ages of 18 and 35 participated in these studies. Exposures were undertaken with the use of particle concentrators fitted with size-selective outlets. These devices are capable of generating concentration factors between 10- and 20-fold over ambient levels. Cardiovascular endpoints measured include heart rate variability and T-wave alternans, as well as pulmonary function parameters. Subjects underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage 18 hrs following exposure to PM or to clean air. Lavage fluids and blood samples were assayed for a battery of markers of hematological, cytotoxic and inflammatory injury. The design of these studies permits direct comparison of the effects of concentrated ambient PM as a function of particle size. The data to be presented reveal modest size fraction-dependent effects of concentrated PM exposure on cardiovascular, pulmonary and hematological parameters in normal adult human subjects. These findings have relevant implications for the design of future chamber studies and the role of particle size fraction in the adverse health effects of PM exposure in humans.