The Timor Sea Conciliation: The Unique Mechanism of Dispute Settlement
The Timor Sea Conciliation: The Unique Mechanism of Dispute Settlement
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帝汶海调解：独特的争端解决机制
DOI：
10.1093/ejil/chaa025
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Dai Tamada
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
深町晋也;玉田大;深町晋也（黄士軒訳）;Tamada Dai;深町晋也;Dai Tamada
东帝汶和澳大利亚之间的海洋边界争端已提交《联合国海洋法公约》（《海洋法公约》）规定的强制性调解程序。这是根据《海洋法公约》进行的首次自愿或强制和解。帝汶海调解成功地解决了当事方之间长期存在的僵局，迄今为止，这一僵局一直未能通过谈判解决，也不可能通过诉讼（例如，国际海洋法法庭或国际法院的诉讼程序）或仲裁（《海洋法公约》附件七所列法庭）解决。本文旨在阐明调解的独特机制，并为此分析《海洋法公约》调解的程序特殊性和调解程序中的实质性考虑因素。作者特别强调了帝汶海海洋划界中经济因素的根本重要性，即大日出气田自然资源的分享比例。作为调解成功的一个决定性因素，正是这一纠纷的经济因素促使当事人妥协和解。此外，鉴于调解是《海洋法公约》争端解决机制这一相当复杂的难题中最能说明问题的部分，帝汶海调解为这一机制提供了宝贵的见解。
The maritime boundary dispute between Timor-Leste and Australia was submitted to the compulsory conciliation procedure under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). This is the first instance of conciliation, whether voluntary or compulsory, under UNCLOS. The Timor Sea conciliation led to the successful settlement of the long-standing deadlock between the parties that had hitherto not been settled by negotiation and had no possibility of being settled by litigation (within, for example, International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea or International Court of Justice proceedings) or arbitration (within the context of an UNCLOS Annex VII tribunal). This article aims to elucidate the unique mechanism of conciliation and, to this end, analyses both the procedural particularities of conciliation under UNCLOS and the substantive considerations in conciliation proceedings. The author places emphasis, in particular, on the fundamental importance of the economic factor in the Timor Sea maritime delimitation – namely, the sharing ratio of the natural resources in the Greater Sunrise gas fields. Being a definitive factor for the success of this conciliation, it was the economics of this dispute that incentivized the parties to compromise and settle. Furthermore, given that conciliation is a most elucidating piece in the rather complicated puzzle that is the UNCLOS dispute settlement mechanism, the Timor Sea conciliation offers valuable insights into this mechanism.