Variations in radiation exposures of adults and children in the UK
Variations in radiation exposures of adults and children in the UK
复制标题
DOI：
10.1088/0952-4746/26/3/001
复制
发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Jones, A. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kendall, G. M.;Hughes, J. S.;Jones, A. L.
联合王国居民接受的辐射剂量来自多种来源，包括宇宙辐射、铀、钍及其衰变产物，特别是氡，以及医疗来源。平均而言，英国人口一生中接受的有效剂量约为200 mSv。这导致致命癌症的风险约为1%。然而，辐射剂量对所有人来说并不相同。某些成分的剂量因地区而异。剂量也可能因个体而异。剂量累积的速率可随着个体年龄而变化。不同的器官和组织不一定接受相同的剂量。本文讨论了这些因素，并试图量化它们。宇宙射线的剂量在人体内或个体之间变化很小。地球上的伽马射线也提供或多或少均匀的全身剂量，但个体之间的差异可能更大。食物中的放射性核素在人体内和个体之间的剂量各不相同。在氡和医疗照射剂量的情况下，这些变化甚至更加明显。
Members of the UK population receive radiation doses from a number of sources including cosmic radiation, from uranium, thorium and their decay products, particularly radon, and from medical sources. On average, members of the UK population receive an effective dose of about 200 mSv over their lifetime. This results in a risk of fatal cancer of about 1%. However, the radiation dose is not the same to all individuals. Some components give doses that vary systematically from one region to another. Doses may also vary greatly from one individual to another. The rate at which the dose is accumulated may vary as the individual ages. Different organs and tissues do not necessarily receive the same dose. This paper discusses these factors and attempts to quantify them. Cosmic rays deliver doses which vary little across the body or between individuals. Terrestrial gamma rays also deliver more or less uniform whole-body doses, but the difference between individuals can be greater. Radionuclides in food deliver doses which vary both across the body and between individuals. These variations are even more marked in the case of doses from radon and from medical exposures.