ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA REVEAL SLOW RATES OF EVOLUTION DURING PLANT DOMESTICATION
ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA REVEAL SLOW RATES OF EVOLUTION DURING PLANT DOMESTICATION
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01093.x
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Fuller, Dorian Q.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Purugganan, Michael D.;Fuller, Dorian Q.
驯化是一个物种分化的进化过程，其中形态和生理变化是由互惠伙伴（最主要的是人类）对植物或动物物种的培养/照料造成的。达尔文用驯化来类比自然选择的进化，尽管对于人类联合的物种进化过程是否是进化研究的适当模型存在强烈的争论。有一个假设，驯化下的选择是强大的，大多数模型假设栽培物种的快速进化。使用来自60个考古遗址的11个物种的考古数据，我们测量了两个植物驯化性状的进化速率-不破碎和颗粒/种子大小的增加。与之前的假设相反，我们发现驯化过程中的表型进化速率很慢，并且显着低于或与在经历自然选择的野生物种中观察到的速率相当。我们的研究表明，驯化过程中的进化速率的大小，包括选择的强度，可能与野生物种的测量结果相似。这表明，驯化可能是由无意识的选择压力，类似于观察到的自然选择，驯化过程的研究可能确实被证明是一个有效的模型，为研究进化变化。
Domestication is an evolutionary process of species divergence in which morphological and physiological changes result from the cultivation/tending of plant or animal species by a mutualistic partner, most prominently humans. Darwin used domestication as an analogy to evolution by natural selection although there is strong debate on whether this process of species evolution by human association is an appropriate model for evolutionary study. There is a presumption that selection under domestication is strong and most models assume rapid evolution of cultivated species. Using archaeological data for 11 species from 60 archaeological sites, we measure rates of evolution in two plant domestication traits-nonshattering and grain/seed size increase. Contrary to previous assumptions, we find the rates of phenotypic evolution during domestication are slow, and significantly lower or comparable to those observed among wild species subjected to natural selection. Our study indicates that the magnitudes of the rates of evolution during the domestication process, including the strength of selection, may be similar to those measured for wild species. This suggests that domestication may be driven by unconscious selection pressures similar to that observed for natural selection, and the study of the domestication process may indeed prove to be a valid model for the study of evolutionary change.