Revolución y contrarrevolución: el gobierno sandinista y la guerra de la Contra en Nicaragua, 1980-1990
Revolución y contrarrevolución: el gobierno sandinista y la guerra de la Contra en Nicaragua, 1980-1990
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革命与反革命：尼加拉瓜桑地诺政府与反对派战争，1980-1990
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
D. Kruijt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Kruijt
本文分析了尼加拉瓜反游击队运动（“Contra”）的兴起和衰落。这一进程是在桑地诺革命（1979 - 1990年）和桑地诺政府结构改革方案的背景下进行的。这篇文章追溯了对某些人口群体的排斥和疏远过程的开始和扩大，特别是对大西洋沿岸的族裔和与洪都拉斯接壤的边境地区农民人口中的中产阶级群体。它还强调了外部势力（阿根廷军队、中央情报局）在培训和融资问题上的作用。然后分析了武装冲突爆发期间社会运动和军事运动的发展。最后分析了最重要的后果：桑地诺革命在军事上战胜桑地诺力量后的经济、社会和政治消耗，以及1990年桑地诺运动的选举失败。
The article analyses the rise and fall of the Counter-guerrilla movement (the “Contra”) in Nicaragua. This process is situated in the context of the Sandinista Revolution (1979 – 1990) and the programme of structural reforms of the Sandinista government. The article traces the beginning and expansion of the process of exclusion and alienation of certain population segments, particularly with respect to the ethnicities of the Atlantic coast and the middle class segments of the peasant population in the frontier region with Honduras. It also emphasises the role of external forces (the Argentinean army, the CIA) on matters of training and financing. Then it analyses the development of the social and military campaigns during the armed conflict that broke out. It concludes with an analysis of the most important consequence: The economic, social and political draining of the Sandinista Revolution after the military victory against the Sandinista forces, and the electoral defeat in 1990 of the Sandinista movement.