Self-Regulation of Priming Effects on Behavior
Self-Regulation of Priming Effects on Behavior
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DOI：
10.1177/0956797611411586
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发表时间：
2011-07-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Webb, Thomas L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gollwitzer, Peter M.;Sheeran, Paschal;Webb, Thomas L.
在三个实验中，我们测试了人们是否可以通过使用“如果-那么”计划（即实施意图）来保护他们正在进行的目标追求免受对抗性启动效应的影响。在实验 1 中，当参与者形成对刺激做出快速反应的“如果-那么”计划时，概念启动不会影响关键刺激的词汇决策时间。在实验2中，如果参与者仅仅形成了要表现良好的目标意图，那么被设定为亲社会目标的参与者允许寻求帮助的同伴中断他们在焦点任务上的工作更长的时间，而不是如果他们也形成了专注于任务的实施意图。在实验3中，启动“快”目标会增加仅在安全允许的范围内开车或没有形成目标意图的参与者的驾驶速度和错误，而形成目标意图和执行意图的参与者的驾驶则没有表现出这种启动效应。我们的研究结果表明，实施意图是一种有效的自我监管工具，可以保护行动免受破坏性概念或目标启动效应的影响。
In three experiments, we tested whether people can protect their ongoing goal pursuits from antagonistic priming effects by using if-then plans (i.e., implementation intentions). In Experiment 1, concept priming did not influence lexical decision time for a critical stimulus when participants had formed if-then plans to make fast responses to that stimulus. In Experiment 2, participants who were primed with a prosocial goal allowed a confederate who asked for help to interrupt their work on a focal task for a longer time if they had merely formed goal intentions to perform well than if they had also formed implementation intentions for concentrating on the task. In Experiment 3, priming the goal of being fast increased driving speed and errors for participants who had formed mere goal intentions to drive only as fast as safety allowed or who had formed no goal intentions, whereas the driving of participants who had formed such goal intentions as well as implementation intentions showed no such priming effects. Our findings indicate that implementation intentions are an effective self-regulatory tool for shielding actions from disruptive concept-or goal-priming effects.