Clever hounds:: social cognition in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris)
Clever hounds:: social cognition in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris)
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DOI：
10.1016/s0168-1591(02)00284-8
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发表时间：
2003-05-02
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Young, RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cooper, JJ;Ashton, C;Young, RJ
本文综述了家犬成为研究与社会生活相关的认知过程的良好模型的原因，并描述了可用于研究犬的此类过程的实验方法。家犬是研究社会认知技能的合适模型，原因有三个。首先，狗起源于狼，狼是一种社会性动物，参与许多合作行为，例如狩猎，并且可能已经进化出认知能力，帮助它们预测和解释其他动物的行为。第二，在驯化过程中，狗很可能是为了适应它们在人类社会中的角色而被选中的，比如放牧或陪伴。第三，家犬生活在人类的世界中，“文化适应”可能有助于犬只相关心理技能的发展。动物社会认知的研究通常使用最初为语言前人类婴儿开发的实验范式。例如，优先凝视可以在使用期望违背的研究中用作注意力或“惊讶”的测量。这种方法已被用来证明简单的数字能力的狗。狗也很容易使用同种和人类的社会信号（例如看或指）作为信息来源，以找到隐藏的奖励，如食物或最喜欢的玩具。这种能力使狗成为研究观点采择任务的特别好的模型，在这种任务中，动物需要区分显然有知识的和显然无知的信息提供者。(C)2003 Elsevier Science B.V.保留所有权利。
This paper reviews the reasons why domestic dogs make good models to investigate cognitive processes related to social living and describes experimental approaches that can be adopted to investigate such processes in dogs. Domestic dogs are suitable models for investigating social cognition skills for three broad reasons. First, dogs originated from wolves, social animals that engage in a number of co-operative behaviours, such as hunting and that may have evolved cognitive abilities that help them predict and interpret the actions of other animals. Second, during domestication dogs are likely to have been selected for mental adaptations for their roles in human society such as herding or companionship. Third, domestic dogs live in a human world and "enculturation" may facilitate the development of relevant mental skills in dogs. Studies of social cognition in animals commonly use experimental paradigms originally developed for pre-verbal human infants. Preferential gaze, for example, can be used as a measure of attention or "surprise" in studies using expectancy violation. This approach has been used to demonstrate simple numerical competence in dogs. Dogs also readily use both conspecific and human social signals (e.g. looking or pointing) as information sources to locate hidden rewards such as food or favourite toys. Such abilities make dogs particularly good models for investigating perspective-taking tasks, where animals are required to discriminate between apparently knowledgeable and apparently ignorant informants. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.