Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Exposure to Pesticide Residues in Nectar and Pollen in Urban and Suburban Environments from Four Regions of the United States
Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Exposure to Pesticide Residues in Nectar and Pollen in Urban and Suburban Environments from Four Regions of the United States
复制标题
蜜蜂 (Apis mellifera) 在美国四个地区的城市和郊区环境中接触花蜜和花粉中的农药残留
DOI：
10.1002/etc.5298
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发表时间：
2022-03-09
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Ellis, James D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Demares, Fabien J.;Schmehl, Daniel;Ellis, James D.
在农业生态系统的背景下，蜜蜂（Apis mellifera L.）在觅食花蜜和花粉时暴露于农药残留的风险通常被探索。然而，在城市和郊区，农药也被用于植被管理、病媒控制以及公共和私人景观中的观赏植物管理。杀虫剂在多大程度上对这些环境中的蜜蜂构成健康风险尚不清楚。我们在景观尺度上解决了这一问题，通过对2年来每月采集的768份花蜜和862份花粉样本进行农药残留筛选分析，这些样本来自美国加利福尼亚州、佛罗里达州、密歇根州和德克萨斯州8个大中城市的城市和郊区的蜂群。风险评估使用美国环境保护署的BeeREX模型进行，只要有口服毒性值的化合物。化学分析发现花蜜中有17种农药，花粉中有60种农药。大约73%的样本没有检测到农药残留。虽然在不同取样区域检测到的农药数量不同，但在花蜜中检测到的农药数量少于花粉。根据BeeREX，四种杀虫剂对蜜蜂有潜在的急性风险：花蜜中的吡虫啉、毒死蜱和艾氰菊酯，花蜜和花粉中的溴氰菊酯。总体而言，在美国的城市和郊区，蜜蜂通过采集花蜜和花粉接触杀虫剂的情况很低，而且没有明显的季节或空间趋势。我们的数据表明，在发达地区，蜜蜂接触到的农药比在农业地区要少。环境科学学报（英文版）；2009;01 - 01。(c) 2021 SETAC
The risk of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) exposure to pesticide residues while foraging for nectar and pollen is commonly explored in the context of agroecosystems. However, pesticides are also used in urban and suburban areas for vegetation management, vector control, and the management of ornamental plants in public and private landscapes. The extent to which pesticides pose a health risk to honey bees in these settings remains unclear. We addressed this at a landscape scale by conducting pesticide residue screening analyses on 768 nectar and 862 pollen samples collected monthly over 2 years from honey bee colonies located in urban and suburban areas in eight medium to large cities in California, Florida, Michigan, and Texas (USA). A risk assessment was performed using the US Environmental Protection Agency's BeeREX model whenever an oral toxicity value was available for a compound. Chemical analyses detected 17 pesticides in nectar and 60 in pollen samples during the survey. Approximately 73% of all samples contained no detectable pesticide residues. Although the number of detections varied among the sampled regions, fewer pesticides were detected in nectar than in pollen. Per BeeREX, four insecticides showed a potential acute risk to honey bees: imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, and esfenvalerate in nectar, and deltamethrin in nectar and pollen. In general, exposure of honey bees to pesticides via nectar and pollen collection was low in urban and suburban areas across the United States, and no seasonal or spatial trends were evident. Our data suggest that honey bees are exposed to fewer pesticides in developed areas than in agricultural ones. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;00:1-13. (c) 2021 SETAC