Position and orientation of the foramen magnum in higher primates.
Position and orientation of the foramen magnum in higher primates.
复制标题
高等灵长类动物枕骨大孔的位置和方向。
DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.1330810108
复制
发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
B. Wood
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Luboga;B. Wood
在328例现代人和颅骨标本上，对枕大孔相对于颅骨纵轴的位置及其相对于法兰克福平面的方位进行了研究。选择样本是为了研究总体大小差异对枕大孔位置的影响。在现代人的标本中，枕大孔的位置(用三个指数表示)和倾斜度相对不变，但枕骨大孔始终位于Panpaniscus比Pantrolodytes更靠前，这一点在统计学上具有显著意义。性两面性实际上是不存在的。孔的位置有明显的异速生长效应，但倾斜度没有明显的异速生长效应，因此现代人和盘状骨标本中较大的颅骨往往有更多位于后方的孔。孔的位置与颅底角度或面部前突无关，除了在Paniscus中，它的相对前部位置与该物种更弯曲的颅底有关。这些结果为研究人类化石中枕骨大孔配置的差异提供了一个比较的背景。KNM-ER1813和A.africanus在枕大孔位置和方向上的差异最不可能是由于分类单元内的差异所致。
The location of the foramen magnum, with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cranium, and its orientation with respect to the Frankfurt Horizontal, have been studied in a total of 328 modern human and Pan crania. The samples were chosen in order to examine the effect of overall size difference on foramen magnum disposition. Foramen position (expressed as three indices) and inclination are relatively invariant among the modern human samples, but the foramen magnum is consistently, and statistically significantly, more anteriorly located in Pan paniscus than in Pan troglodytes. Sexual dimorphism is virtually non-existent. There is an apparent allometric effect on foramen position, but not on inclination, so that larger crania in the modern human and Pan paniscus samples tend to have more posteriorly situated foramina. The disposition of the foramen is unrelated to cranial base angle or facial prognathism, except that in Pan paniscus its relative anterior location is linked with the more flexed cranial base in that species. These results provide a comparative context for the examination of differences in foramen magnum disposition in fossil hominids. Differences in foramen magnum position and orientation between KNM-ER 1813 and A. africanus are most unlikely to be due to within-taxon variability.