Trend to explain the distribution of root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. associated with olive trees in Morocco
Trend to explain the distribution of root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. associated with olive trees in Morocco
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2016.03.042
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Mateille, Thierry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ali, Nadine;Tavoillot, Johannes;Mateille, Thierry
了解哪些因素影响生物的分布，为生物多样性的管理提供了有用的见解。根结线虫（RKN），在农业中的一个关键威胁，了解的限制，影响其多样性是一个基本的先决条件，他们的控制。据报道，RKN是橄榄树上的主要害虫，主要发生在高密度果园和苗圃。进行这项研究，以确定与橄榄树在摩洛哥的根结线虫物种，并考虑如何人为应力和一些土壤和气候因素可能参与其空间分布。在摩洛哥的主要橄榄种植区进行了土壤取样，包括野生、野生和栽培橄榄树。RKN检出率为12.2%。生化（酯酶谱）和分子（SCARS、D2 D3）标记分析揭示了M. javanica为优势种，M. arenaria，M.哈普拉，M。spartelensis和未描述种Meloidogyne n.sp.的酯酶活性。javanica和M. hapla种群。RKN物种分布在聚集的基础上无处不在。然而，M。javanica记录在整个种植区在摩洛哥的高密度和传统种植的橄榄果园，很少在一些野生橄榄，而其他物种在低丰度检测野生橄榄在山区植物避难所地区在摩洛哥北方和南部。然而，M.栽培地区的爪哇树可能主要是由于苗圃的广泛引进，其次是灌溉和种植密度等当地条件所有利于的多种创始过程。相比之下，检测到的其他物种的野生橄榄只在植物避难所地区表明，这些地区的主机祖先线虫物种，没有分散在没有人类活动。(C)2016爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Knowing which factors affect the distribution of organisms provides useful insights for the management of biodiversity. For root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne (RKN), a critical threat in agriculture, an understanding of the constraints that impact their diversity is a fundamental prerequisite for their control. RKN are reported to be major pests on olive trees, mainly in high-density orchards and in nurseries. This study was undertaken in order to characterise the Meloidogyne species associated with olive trees in Morocco and to consider how anthropogenic stresses and some edaphic and climatic factors may be involved in their spatial distribution. A soil sampling was conducted in the main olive growing areas in Morocco, including wild, feral and cultivated olive trees. RKN were detected in 12.2% of the samples. The analysis of biochemical (esterase patterns) and molecular (SCARS, D2D3) markers revealed the occurrence of M. javanica (as the predominant species), M. arenaria, M. hapla,M. spartelensis and of an undescribed species Meloidogyne n.sp. Some esterase variability was detected in M. javanica and M. hapla populations. The RKN species were distributed everywhere on an aggregated basis. However, M. javanica was recorded in high abundance throughout the cultivated areas in Morocco in high-density and traditionally cultivated olive orchards and rarely on some feral olive, while the other species were detected in low abundance on wild olive in mountain plant refuge areas in northern and southern Morocco. Nevertheless, the large distribution of M. javanica in cultivated areas could be primarily due to widespread introductions from nurseries, followed by multiple founder processes favoured by local conditions such as irrigation and planting density. In contrast, the detection of the other species hosted by wild olive only in plant refuge areas suggest that these areas host ancestral nematode species that did not disperse in the absence of human activities. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.