Current trends in Bioinformatics: An Insight

Current trends in Bioinformatics: An Insight
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生物信息学的当前趋势:洞察

DOI:
10.1007/978-981-10-7483-7_7
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Farmer R
Farmer R
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Farmer R

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科学正在慢慢地解开聚酮酶(PKS)的精细化学合成能力的秘密,以及其他次级代谢物的生物合成途径,并学习重新设计这些途径以合成新的化合物。过去30年的研究涉及创新实验和生物信息学,重点关注从抗生素到抗胆固醇剂的广泛药用化合物。此外,已经可以操纵PKS以产生用于药物用途的新化合物。然而,尽管取得了很大的进步,我们的知识仍然是粗略的,实验仍然是耗时和困难的。PKS和一般的次级代谢物生物合成途径为开发和测试合成生物学应用的实验和生物信息学工具提供了模型系统。生物信息学和分子建模对于理解现有和未来的实验数据非常重要。生物信息学和结构建模可以在几个方面提供帮助:通过预测蛋白质结构域的操作如何可能产生可行的新生物合成途径以产生高价值的现有化学品/药物的变体或允许合成全新的化合物,通过帮助发现基因组和宏基因组数据中的新基因簇,通过预测由新基因簇合成的代谢物,并通过解释实验数据来阐明聚酮合酶功能的规则,这些规则反馈到这个列表中的其他人。
Science is slowly unlocking the secrets of the exquisite chemical synthesis capabilities of polyketide synthases (PKSs), as well as other secondary metabolites’ biosynthesis pathways, and learning to re-engineer such pathways to synthesize novel chemical compounds. Research over the last 30 years has involved innovative experiments and bioinformatics focused on a wide range of medicinal compounds ranging from antibiotics to anticholesterol agents. Furthermore, it has been possible to manipulate PKSs to produce novel compounds for pharmaceutical use. However, despite great progress, our knowledge is still sketchy, and experiments continue to be time-consuming and difficult. PKSs, and secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways in general, provide model systems for developing and testing experimental and bioinformatic tools for synthetic biology application. Bioinformatic and molecular modelling are important for making sense of existing and future experimental data. Bioinformatic and structural modelling can help in several ways: by predicting how manipulations of protein domains might yield viable novel biosynthetic pathways to generate variants of existing chemicals/pharmaceuticals of high value or to allow the synthesis of totally novel compounds, by assisting the discovery of novel gene clusters in genomic and metagenomic data, by predicting the metabolites synthesized by novel gene clusters and by interpreting experimental data to elucidate the rules governing polyketide synthase function, which feeds back into the others on this list.
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