Autophagic Processes in Yeast: Mechanism, Machinery and Regulation
Autophagic Processes in Yeast: Mechanism, Machinery and Regulation
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DOI：
10.1534/genetics.112.149013
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发表时间：
2013-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Klionsky, Daniel J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reggiori, Fulvio;Klionsky, Daniel J.
自噬是指高等真核生物的液泡或溶酶体中细胞质组分（包括胞质溶胶、大分子复合物和细胞器）降解的一组过程。各种类型的自噬引起了越来越多的关注，至少有两个原因。首先，自噬提供了一个令人信服的例子，涉及蛋白质运输和细胞器身份的问题，亚细胞膜的动态重排，因此它是迷人的研究人员感兴趣的问题，有关基础细胞生物学。其次，自噬在正常发育和细胞稳态中起着核心作用，因此，自噬功能障碍与一系列疾病有关，包括癌症，糖尿病，肌病，某些类型的神经变性以及肝脏和心脏疾病。也就是说，这篇评论的重点是酵母中的自噬。从酵母到人类，自噬的许多方面都是保守的;特别是，这适用于介导这些途径的基因产物以及调节它的一些信号级联，因此我们涉及的信息与高等真核生物有关。事实上，与许多细胞途径一样，由于酿酒酵母和其他真菌的遗传研究，最初的分子见解成为可能。
Autophagy refers to a group of processes that involve degradation of cytoplasmic components including cytosol, macromolecular complexes, and organelles, within the vacuole or the lysosome of higher eukaryotes. The various types of autophagy have attracted increasing attention for at least two reasons. First, autophagy provides a compelling example of dynamic rearrangements of subcellular membranes involving issues of protein trafficking and organelle identity, and thus it is fascinating for researchers interested in questions pertinent to basic cell biology. Second, autophagy plays a central role in normal development and cell homeostasis, and, as a result, autophagic dysfunctions are associated with a range of illnesses including cancer, diabetes, myopathies, some types of neurodegeneration, and liver and heart diseases. That said, this review focuses on autophagy in yeast. Many aspects of autophagy are conserved from yeast to human; in particular, this applies to the gene products mediating these pathways as well as some of the signaling cascades regulating it, so that the information we relate is relevant to higher eukaryotes. Indeed, as with many cellular pathways, the initial molecular insights were made possible due to genetic studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other fungi.