Organogenesis of the vertebrate heart
Organogenesis of the vertebrate heart
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/wdev.68
复制
发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kelly, Robert G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miquerol, Lucile;Kelly, Robert G.
脊椎动物心脏的器官发生涉及一系列复杂的事件，这些事件始于原肠胚形成后不久前外侧中胚层中心肌细胞和内皮细胞的特化和分化，随后是早期心管的形成和成环。在成环过程中，心管通过添加来自动脉和静脉极处的相邻咽中胚层的第二心脏区域祖细胞而伸长。进行性分化由咽中胚层、前肠内胚层和神经嵴来源的间充质之间的细胞间信号事件控制。胚胎心脏内心肌基因表达和增殖的调节模式驱动心房和心室腔的形态发生，而心脏垫，最终瓣膜的前体，在房室和流出区形成。在心房肌中，分离的体循环系统和肺循环系统由分隔和重构事件产生，所述分隔和重构事件将心房和心室分成左室和右室。心脏神经嵴细胞在将心脏的动脉极分为升主动脉和肺动脉干中起关键作用。在重塑阶段，建立了协调心跳的明确的心脏传导系统。此外，对于调节心室生长和冠状血管系统发育至关重要的心外膜作为上皮细胞遍布心脏表面，细胞从该上皮细胞侵入心肌以产生包括成纤维细胞和平滑肌细胞的多种细胞类型。因此，心脏发生涉及多种细胞类型的高度协调发展，并且对这些步骤中的每一个的不同谱系贡献和分子调控的了解正在迅速扩大。(C)2012 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.
Organogenesis of the vertebrate heart involves a complex sequence of events initiating with specification and differentiation of myocardial and endocardial cells in anterior lateral mesoderm shortly after gastrulation, followed by formation and rightward looping of the early heart tube. During looping, the heart tube elongates by addition of second heart field progenitor cells from adjacent pharyngeal mesoderm at the arterial and venous poles. Progressive differentiation is controlled by intercellular signaling events between pharyngeal mesoderm, foregut endoderm, and neural crest-derived mesenchyme. Regulated patterns of myocardial gene expression and proliferation within the embryonic heart drive morphogenesis of atrial and ventricular chambers, while cardiac cushions, precursors of the definitive valves, form in the atrioventricular and outflow regions. In amniotes, separate systemic and pulmonary circulatory systems arise by septation and remodeling events that divide the atria and ventricles into left and right chambers. Cardiac neural crest cells play a key role in dividing the arterial pole of the heart into the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk. During the remodeling phase the definitive cardiac conduction system, that coordinates the heartbeat, is established. In addition, the epicardium, critical for regulated ventricular growth and development of the coronary vasculature, spreads over the surface of the heart as an epithelium from which cells invade the myocardium to give rise to diverse cell types including fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Cardiogenesis thus involves highly coordinated development of multiple cell types and insight into the different lineage contributions and molecular regulation of each of these steps is expanding rapidly. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.