The modes and competing rates of cartilage fluid loss and recovery
The modes and competing rates of cartilage fluid loss and recovery
复制标题
软骨液丢失和恢复的模式和竞争率
DOI：
10.1016/j.actbio.2021.11.014
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
9.7
通讯作者：
Burris, D.L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Voinier, S.;Moore, A.C.;Benson, J.M.;Price, C.;Burris, D.L.
在不同的关节使用条件下，软骨损失、恢复和维持其厚度、水合作用和生物力学功能是基于流体损失和恢复的竞争速率。虽然载荷引起的流体漏失的机理和影响已经得到了广泛的研究，但流体回收的机理和影响还没有得到广泛的研究。本研究从三种已知模式中分离、量化和比较软骨恢复率：(1)被动肿胀-静态卸载接触区域内的液体恢复；(2)自由膨胀-通过暴露的表面无限制地回收液体；(3)摩擦学再水化——滑动过程中负载接触区域内的流体回收。在100 ~ 500 μm的压力下，成年牛关节软骨的被动肿胀、自由肿胀和摩擦再水化的平均速率在恢复的前100 s分别为0.11±0.04、0.71±0.15和0.63±0.22 μm/s；相比之下，滑动前的平均渗出速率为0.06±0.04 μm/s。对于这个范围的压缩，我们检测到自由肿胀率和摩擦学补液率之间没有显著差异。然而，与关节相关的自由肿胀和摩擦学补液率比被动肿胀率快7倍。虽然以前的研究表明关节关节如何无限期地防止液体流失，但本研究表明，关节关节可以逆转静态加载后的液体流失，其速度是先前渗出速率的10倍。这些有竞争力的恢复速度表明，关节空间和功能可能最好地维持在一天久坐不动的情况下，通过短暂但有规律的身体活动。在不同的联合使用条件下，软骨的损失、恢复和维持其厚度、水合作用和生物力学功能是基于流体损失和恢复的竞争速率。虽然载荷引起的流体漏失已经得到了很好的研究，但这是第一次定义流体回收的竞争模式并量化它们的速率。结果表明：与关节关节相关的流体恢复模式比静态加载时的渗出和静态卸载时的被动肿胀快10倍；研究结果表明，在久坐的一天中，通过短暂但有规律的体育活动，可以最好地保持关节空间和功能。
Cartilage loses, recovers, and maintains its thickness, hydration, and biomechanical functions based on competing rates of fluid loss and recovery under varying joint-use conditions. While the mechanics and implications of load-induced fluid loss have been studied extensively, those of fluid recovery have not. This study isolates, quantifies, and compares rates of cartilage recovery from three known modes: (1) passive swelling – fluid recovery within a static unloaded contact area; (2) free swelling – unrestricted fluid recovery by an exposed surface; (3) tribological rehydration – fluid recovery within a loaded contact area during sliding. Following static loading of adult bovine articular cartilage to between 100 and 500 μm of compression, passive swelling, free swelling, and tribological rehydration exhibited average rates of 0.11 ± 0.04, 0.71 ± 0.15, and 0.63 ± 0.22 μm/s, respectively, over the first 100 s of recovery; for comparison, the mean exudation rate just prior to sliding was 0.06 ± 0.04 μm/s. For this range of compressions, we detected no significant difference between free swelling and tribological rehydration rates. However, free swelling and tribological rehydration rates, those associated with joint articulation, were ∼7-fold faster than passive swelling rates. While previous studies show how joint articulation prevents fluid loss indefinitely, this study shows that joint articulation reverses fluid loss following static loading at >10-fold the preceding exudation rate. These competitive recovery rates suggest that joint space and function may be best maintained throughout an otherwise sedentary day using brief but regular physical activity.Statement of SignificanceCartilage loses, recovers, and maintains its thickness, hydration, and biomechanical functions based on competing rates of fluid loss and recovery under varying joint-use conditions. While load-induced fluid loss is extremely well studied, this is the first to define the competing modes of fluid recovery and to quantify their rates. The results show that the fluid recovery modes associated with joint articulation are 10-fold faster than exudation during static loading and passive swelling during static unloading. The results suggest that joint space and function are best maintained throughout an otherwise sedentary day using brief but regular physical activities.