VISUAL ABSTRACTION PROCESSES IN YOUNG AND OLD ADULTS
VISUAL ABSTRACTION PROCESSES IN YOUNG AND OLD ADULTS
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DOI：
10.1037/0012-1649.18.3.473
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发表时间：
1982-01-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
HESS, TM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HESS, TM
青年和老年人的概念技能进行了检查，使用弗兰克斯和Bransford的视觉抽象程序。这使得研究概念抽象独立的问题解决技能，这极大地影响了传统的概念获取任务的性能。在实验1和2中，年轻人和老年人从一类无意义的刺激中提取集中趋势信息的能力没有差异。这两组分类新的刺激的转换距离的中央代表（或原型），这些模式。两组都提取了关于属性可以进入的关系的信息，并在反映可接受和不可接受的转换的测试模式之间进行区分。视觉抽象表现可能反映了频率信息的编码，这被认为是一个自动的过程，建立在先天结构，并观察到保持稳定的年龄。第三个实验发现，当新概念是基于与已建立的概念结构相关的属性重组时，老年人在获得新概念时会受到更大的干扰。
The conceptual skills of young and old adults were examined using Franks and Bransford''s Visual Abstraction Procedure. This allowed the study of concept abstraction independent of problem solving skills, which greatly influence performance in traditional concept acquisition tasks. In experiments 1 and 2, young and old adults did not differ in their ability to abstract central tendency information from a class of nonmeaningful stimuli. Both groups classified novel stimuli in terms of transformational distance from a central representation (or prototype) of these patterns. Both groups abstracted information regarding relations into which attributes could enter and discriminated between test patterns reflecting acceptable and unacceptable transformations. Visual abstraction performance might reflect the encoding of frequency information, which is presumed to be an automatic process founded in innate structures and which is observed to remain stable with age. A 3rd experiment found that older adults experienced greater interference in acquisition when the new concept was based on a reorganization of attributes associated with an established conceptual structure.