The molecular basis of T-cell specificity.
The molecular basis of T-cell specificity.
复制标题
T 细胞特异性的分子基础。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
29.7
通讯作者：
L. Matis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Matis
对TCR在抗原特异性免疫反应中的表达的研究已经提供了大量的信息，将TCR的一级结构与特异性联系起来。关于TCR多样性的产生机制和免疫反应中TCR V元件的选择，已经有了很多的研究。然而，在TCR/抗原/MHC相互作用过程中发现的三分子复合体的确切性质还有待于用结晶学来表征TCR的结构。正如描述MHC分子的三维结构和确定其可能的抗原结合部位一样，以新的视角解释关于抗原/MHC结合和同种异体反应性的丰富功能数据，类似的TCR结构表征将允许更明确地解释目前关于TCR在抗原特异性免疫反应中的使用的所有数据。这也有助于研究胸腺个体发育过程中阳性和阴性TCR选择的分子基础。最后，仅基于TCRVβ表达识别T细胞超抗原及其刺激T细胞的能力已经定义了一种新的和独特的TCR/配体相互作用类型。这类抗原包括葡萄球菌和链球菌毒素等细菌产物以及一些支原体产生的有丝分裂部分，这表明TCR对超抗原的识别可能具有重要的临床意义。确定这些抗原激活T细胞的结构基础是很重要的。
Studies of TCR expression in antigen-specific immune responses have provided a large body of information correlating the primary structure of the TCR with specificity. Much has been learned regarding the mechanisms for the generation of TCR diversity and the selection of TCR V elements in immune responses. However, the exact nature of the trimolecular complex found during the TCR/antigen/MHC interaction awaits the structural characterization of the TCR by crystallography. Just as describing the three-dimensional structure of MHC molecules and defining their putative antigen-binding site have made it possible to interpret with fresh insight the wealth of functional data regarding antigen/MHC binding and alloreactivity, similar characterization of the TCR structure will allow more definitive interpretation of all the current data with respect to TCR usage in antigen-specific immune responses. It should also facilitate the study of the molecular basis of positive and negative TCR selection during thymic ontogeny. Finally, the identification of T-cell superantigens and their ability to stimulate T cells on the basis of TCR V beta expression alone has defined a new and distinct type of TCR/ligand interaction. The fact that bacterial products such as staphylococcal and streptococcal toxins as well as the mitogenic moiety produced by some mycoplasma are included within this class of antigens suggests that TCR recognition of superantigens may have major clinical significance. It is important to determine the structural basis of T-cell activation by these antigens.