SPARTAN: a global network to evaluate and enhance satellite-based estimates of ground-level particulate matter for global health applications
SPARTAN: a global network to evaluate and enhance satellite-based estimates of ground-level particulate matter for global health applications
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DOI：
10.5194/amt-8-505-2015
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Liu, Y.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Snider, G.;Weagle, C. L.;Liu, Y.
地面观测的空间覆盖范围不足以评估全球范围内人类长期接触细颗粒物（PM2.5）的情况。卫星遥感提供了一种很有前途的方法，提供信息的短期和长期暴露于PM2.5在本地到全球范围内，但有局限性和突出的问题的准确性和精度，地面气溶胶质量浓度可以推断出单独从卫星遥感。不确定性的一个主要来源是年平均PM2.5和柱状气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）的不连续卫星观测之间的关系的全球分布。我们已经建立了一个全球地面监测站网络，目的是评价和加强卫星遥感估计，以便应用于健康影响研究和风险评估。SPARTAN包括一个全球性的PM2.5地面监测器联合会，主要位于人口密集地区，与现有的测量AOD的地面太阳光度计一起部署。这些仪器，一个三波长浊度计和冲击过滤器采样器的PM2.5和PM10，是高度自主的。每小时的PM2.5浓度是根据称重过滤器和浊度计数据的组合推断的。来自现有网络的数据被用于开发和评估网络采样特性。分析SPARTAN过滤器的质量、黑碳、水溶性离子和金属。这些测量结果在世界各地的各个地区提供了评估和加强用于评估气溶胶健康影响的基于卫星的PM2.5估计所需的关键数据。不同地点的PM2.5平均浓度相差超过一个数量级。我们的初步测量结果表明，气溶胶散射的垂直廓线在时间和空间上驱动的AOD地面PM2.5的比例。在空间上，该比率也受到质量散射效率的强烈影响。
Ground-based observations have insufficient spatial coverage to assess long-term human exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at the global scale. Satellite remote sensing offers a promising approach to provide information on both short-and long-term exposure to PM2.5 at local-to-global scales, but there are limitations and outstanding questions about the accuracy and precision with which ground-level aerosol mass concentrations can be inferred from satellite remote sensing alone. A key source of uncertainty is the global distribution of the relationship between annual average PM2.5 and discontinuous satellite observations of columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD). We have initiated a global network of ground-level monitoring stations designed to evaluate and enhance satellite remote sensing estimates for application in health-effects research and risk assessment. This Surface PARTiculate mAtter Network (SPARTAN) includes a global federation of ground-level monitors of hourly PM2.5 situated primarily in highly populated regions and collocated with existing ground-based sun photometers that measure AOD. The instruments, a three-wavelength nephelometer and impaction filter sampler for both PM2.5 and PM10, are highly autonomous. Hourly PM2.5 concentrations are inferred from the combination of weighed filters and nephelometer data. Data from existing networks were used to develop and evaluate network sampling characteristics. SPARTAN filters are analyzed for mass, black carbon, water-soluble ions, and metals. These measurements provide, in a variety of regions around the world, the key data required to evaluate and enhance satellite-based PM2.5 estimates used for assessing the health effects of aerosols. Mean PM2.5 concentrations across sites vary by more than 1 order of magnitude. Our initial measurements indicate that the ratio of AOD to ground-level PM2.5 is driven temporally and spatially by the vertical profile in aerosol scattering. Spatially this ratio is also strongly influenced by the mass scattering efficiency.