Large-scale biohydrogen production from bio-oil.
Large-scale biohydrogen production from bio-oil.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biortech.2010.04.038
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发表时间：
2010-10
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
S. Sarkar;Amit Kumar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Sarkar;Amit Kumar
在将沥青升级为合成原油（SCO）的过程中消耗了大量的氢气，而这些氢气完全来自加拿大西部的天然气。由于天然气的排放量很大，氢燃料的替代来源，特别是可再生原料，可以显著减少二氧化碳的排放。在本研究中，生物质通过快速热解转化为生物油。这种生物油是在沥青升级厂附近进行蒸汽重整生产氢燃料的。建立了一个技术经济模型来估算生物质快速热解制氢的成本。三种不同的原料被考虑用于生产生物氢，包括全树生物量、森林残留物（即伐木作业期间产生的树木的四肢、树枝和顶部）和秸秆（主要来自小麦和大麦作物）。在工厂产能为2000干吨/天的情况下，来自全树生物质的生物氢的交付成本（2.40美元/千克H2）低于森林残留物（3.00美元/千克H2）和农业残留物（4.55美元/千克H2）。在本研究中，生物油在野外/森林中生产，并从集中的远程生物油生产厂运输到沥青升级厂，运输距离为500km。原料运输成本和资金成本是生物油生产成本中最大的成本贡献者，而生物油生产和运输成本占生物氢生产成本的50%以上。每吨二氧化碳当量的碳信用额度分别为133美元、214美元和356美元，在天然气价格为5美元/GJ的情况下，可以使全树、森林残留物和秸秆生物制氢与天然气制氢竞争。
Large amount of hydrogen is consumed during the upgrading of bitumen into synthetic crude oil (SCO), and this hydrogen is exclusively produced from natural gas in Western Canada. Because of large amount of emission from natural gas, alternative sources for hydrogen fuel especially renewable feedstocks could significantly reduce CO2emissions. In this study, biomass is converted to bio-oil by fast pyrolysis. This bio-oil is steam reformed near bitumen upgrading plant for producing hydrogen fuel. A techno-economic model is developed to estimate the cost of hydrogen from biomass through the pathway of fast pyrolysis. Three different feedstocks including whole-tree biomass, forest residues (i.e. limbs, branches, and tops of tree produced during logging operations), and straw (mostly from wheat and barley crops) are considered for biohydrogen production. Delivered cost of biohydrogen from whole-tree-based biomass ($2.40/kg of H2) is lower than that of forest residues ($3.00/kg of H2) and agricultural residues ($4.55/kg of H2) at a plant capacity of 2000dry tonnes/day. In this study, bio-oil is produced in the field/forest and transported to a distance of 500km from the centralized remote bio-oil production plant to bitumen upgrading plant. Feedstock delivery cost and capital cost are the largest cost contributors to the bio-oil production cost, while more than 50% of the cost of biohydrogen production is contributed by bio-oil production and transportation. Carbon credits of $133, $214, and $356/tonne of CO2equivalent could make whole-tree, forest residues, and straw-based biohydrogen production competitive with natural gas-based H2for a natural gas price of $5/GJ, respectively.