A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO AGRICULTURAL BIOSECURITY
A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO AGRICULTURAL BIOSECURITY
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DOI：
10.1089/hs.2017.0035
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发表时间：
2018-02-06
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Anand, Manish
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anand, Manish
本文强调了系统方法在应对农业生物安全威胁方面的重要性。在文献分析和利益相关者互动的基础上，从全球和印度的角度对农业生物安全威胁和脆弱性进行了简要调查，随后探讨了技术和制度能力。最后，借鉴全球发展实例，提供了对农业疾病诊断网络的看法。农业恐怖主义的技术壁垒低于针对人类的生物恐怖主义，而且该部门的独特之处在于，即使是非常小的疾病爆发也可能引发国际出口限制。农业部门的主要脆弱性源于农业生产结构等；边境和食物链的监测、监视和控制系统不足；报告异常事件和疾病爆发的系统效率低下；缺乏训练有素、能够识别或治疗跨境病原体和疾病的人力资源。对作物和动物保护管理相关技术和机构的评估表明存在一定差距。投资开发农业民用新技术，以及与防御、检测、保护和预防有关的合法行动，以及升级实验室设施，可以提高农业部门对疫情爆发的准备水平。为了有效应对农业恐怖主义的潜在威胁和脆弱性，需要制定全面的战略和综合的机构间方法，最好是在国际层面上。建议采用面向系统的方法来发展知识和创新网络以及加强技能和能力，这将有助于建立更具弹性的农业生物安全系统。
This article highlights the importance of systems approaches in addressing agricultural biosecurity threats. On the basis of documentary analysis and stakeholder interaction, a brief survey of agricultural biosecurity threats and vulnerabilities from global and Indian perspectives is provided, followed by an exploration of technological and institutional capabilities. Finally, a perspective on the agricultural disease diagnostic networks is provided, drawing instances from global developments. Technical barriers to agroterrorism are lower than those to human-targeted bioterrorism, and the sector is unique as even a very small disease outbreak could prompt international export restrictions. Key vulnerabilities in the agriculture sector stem from, among others, the structure of agricultural production; insufficient monitoring, surveillance, and controls systems at the borders and in the food chain; inefficient systems for reporting unusual occurrences and outbreaks of disease; and lack of sufficiently trained human resources capable of recognizing or treating transboundary pathogens and diseases. An assessment of technology and institutions pertaining to crop and animal protection management suggests certain gaps. Investment in developing new technologies for civilian application in agriculture, as well as for legitimate actions pertaining to defense, detection, protection, and prophylaxis, and in upgrading laboratory facilities can increase the agricultural sector's level of preparedness for outbreaks. To address potential threats and vulnerabilities of agroterrorism effectively requires the development of a comprehensive strategy and a combined, interagency approach, ideally on an international level. It is proposed that a systems-oriented approach for developing knowledge and innovation networks and strengthening skills and capacities would enable a more resilient agricultural biosecurity system.