The basal ganglia and cortex implement optimal decision making between alternative actions
The basal ganglia and cortex implement optimal decision making between alternative actions
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DOI：
10.1162/neco.2007.19.2.442
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发表时间：
2007-02-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Gurney, Kevin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bogacz, Rafal;Gurney, Kevin
神经生理学研究已经确定了一些关键参与解决行动选择或决策问题的大脑区域。在高度练习的任务中，这些区域包括假设整合支持替代行动的证据的皮层区域和假设作为门控行为请求的中央开关的基底神经节。然而，尽管我们对基底神经节生物学及其与皮层的连接性有相对详细的了解，并且数值模拟研究证明了选择性功能，但还没有正式的理论框架来提供这些电路的算法描述。本文展示了涉及皮层和基底神经节的电路的解剖学和生理学的许多方面，正是那些需要实施的计算定义的渐近最优的统计测试决策：多假设序贯概率比检验（MSPRT）。由此产生的模型基底神经节提供了一个新的框架，了解在高度实践任务的决策过程中，在基底神经节的计算。在现有的实验数据中验证了关于特定神经元群体的性质的理论的预测。此外，我们表明，这种神经生物学接地MSPRT的实施优于其他候选人的神经决策，它是结构和参数的强大，它可以适应皮质机制的决策方式，补充那些在基底神经节。
Neurophysiological studies have identified a number of brain regions critically involved in solving the problem of action selection or decision making. In the case of highly practiced tasks, these regions include cortical areas hypothesized to integrate evidence supporting alternative actions and the basal ganglia, hypothesized to act as a central switch in gating behavioral requests. However, despite our relatively detailed knowledge of basal ganglia biology and its connectivity with the cortex and numerical simulation studies demonstrating selective function, no formal theoretical framework exists that supplies an algorithmic description of these circuits. This article shows how many aspects of the anatomy and physiology of the circuit involving the cortex and basal ganglia are exactly those required to implement the computation defined by an asymptotically optimal statistical test for decision making: the multihypothesis sequential probability ratio test (MSPRT). The resulting model of basal ganglia provides a new framework for understanding the computation in the basal ganglia during decision making in highly practiced tasks. The predictions of the theory concerning the properties of particular neuronal populations are validated in existing experimental data. Further, we show that this neurobiologically grounded implementation of MSPRT outperforms other candidates for neural decision making, that it is structurally and parametrically robust, and that it can accommodate cortical mechanisms for decision making in a way that complements those in basal ganglia.