Experimental infection of six North American fish species with the North Carolina strain of spring Viremia of Carp Virus
Experimental infection of six North American fish species with the North Carolina strain of spring Viremia of Carp Virus
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.07.007
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Kurath, Gael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Emmenegger, Eveline J.;Sanders, George E.;Kurath, Gael
鲤春病毒血症（SVCV）是一种与世界范围内养殖和野生鱼类疾病暴发相关的横纹肌病毒病原体。普通鲤鱼（鲤）和锦鲤（鲤）因SVCV感染而死亡率最高，而其他鲤科鱼类的易感性各不相同。虽然鲑科鱼类通常被认为对SVCV感染具有抗性，但有一些报告表明虹鳟鱼（Oncorhynchus mykiss）也发生了感染。没有关于鲈鱼感染SVCV的报告。自2002年在北卡罗莱纳的一个鲤鱼养殖场首次在北美暴发SVCV以来，在美国和加拿大境内的鲤科和中央科鱼类中先后发现或暴发了8次SVCV。因此，这种外来病毒被认为是对北美本地和养殖鱼类种群的潜在威胁。我们对来自三个科（鲑科、鲤科和鲈科）的鱼类进行了多次实验挑战，以确定与北美常住鱼类种群暴露SVCV相关的潜在风险。对虹鳟和钢头鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）、奇努克鲑鱼（O. tshawytscha）和红鲑鱼（O. nerka） 3种鲑科鱼类进行了浸液或注射北卡罗来纳SVCV分离物的攻击。两种鲤科鱼类锦鲤和鳙鱼（Pimephales promelas）以及一种鲈科鱼类黄鲈（Perca flavescens）也受到了侵害。11月龄前的鲤对SVCV高度敏感，而黑头鱼有慢性疾病表达，死亡率中等（29%）。SVCV在黄鲈鱼苗中也引起中度死亡（33%）。受到病毒攻击的鲑鱼的累积死亡率从0到100%不等，红鲑鱼鱼苗是最脆弱的。通过空斑测定和逆转录聚合酶链反应对死亡和幸存者的亚样本进行病毒筛选。一般来说，所有死者的SVCV检测呈阳性，病毒滴度高，而幸存者的SVCV持久性不同，病毒滴度总体较低。我们对多种北美鱼类的SVCV挑战表明，宿主年龄是决定疾病结果的关键因素。其他因素，如鱼类、病毒株、水温和饲养条件，与物种的内在易感性水平相关，也可能影响感染动态。这是关于SVCV感染鲈科一种鱼类（黄鲈）的首次报告，并且红鲑鱼鱼苗与SVCV的主要宿主物种一样具有类似的高死亡率。Elsevier b.v.出版。
Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is a rhabdoviral pathogen associated with disease outbreaks in cultured and wild fish worldwide. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio carp), and koi (C. carpio koi) suffer the highest mortalities from SVCV infections, while other cyprinid fish species have varying susceptibility. Although salmonid fish typically are considered refractory to infection by SVCV, there have been a few reports suggesting infection has occurred in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). There have been no reports of Percid fish being infected with SVCV. Since the first North American outbreak of SVCV at a North Carolina koi farm in 2002 there have been eight subsequent detections or outbreaks of SVCV among fish species from the families of Cyprinidae and Centrarchidae within the US and Canada. Thus, this exotic virus is considered a potential threat to native and cultured fish populations in North America. We performed multiple experimental challenges with fish species from three families (Salmonidae, Cyprinidae, and Percidae) to identify the potential risk associated with SVCV exposure of resident fish populations in North America.Three salmonid species, rainbow and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha), and sockeye salmon (O. nerka), were challenged by immersion or injection with the North Carolina SVCV isolate. Two cyprinid species, koi and fathead minnow(Pimephales promelas) and one percid species, yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were also challenged. Koi were highly susceptible to SVCV up to 11 months of age and fathead minnows had chronic disease expression with moderate mortality (29%). SVCV also induced moderate mortalities (33%) in yellow perch fry. Virus challenged salmonid fish had cumulative percent mortalities ranging from 0 to 100%, with sockeye salmon fry being the most vulnerable. A sub-sample of mortalities and survivors were screened for virus by plaque assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In general, all mortalities tested positive for SVCV with high viral titers while survivors had variable persistence of SVCV with overall lower virus titers. Our SVCV challenges of multiple North American fish species suggested that host age is a key factor in determining disease outcome. Other factors, such as fish broodstock, virus strain, water temperature, and rearing conditions in association with the intrinsic level of species susceptibility may also impact infection dynamics. This is the first report of SVCV infecting a species (yellow perch) in the family Percidae and that sockeye salmon fry can suffer similarly high mortalities as the primary SVCV host species. Published by Elsevier B. V.