Post-transcriptional control of fungal cell wall synthesis.
Post-transcriptional control of fungal cell wall synthesis.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tcsw.2022.100074
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发表时间：
2022-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wallace EWJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hall RA;Wallace EWJ
致病真菌通过伪装来躲避宿主，用不太容易被宿主识别的无害覆盖物（如甘露糖蛋白和α-葡聚糖）掩盖免疫原性细胞壁组分（如β-葡聚糖）。试图了解这些过程是如何调节的，已经取得了不同的成功。典型的研究集中在理解真菌对它们的储库环境或宿主的转录反应。然而，由于细胞内发生的转录后和翻译后调控的层，这种方法不能完全解决这个研究问题。虽然在动物中的转录后和翻译后调控的影响已经得到很好的表征，我们的知识，这些过程中的真菌王国是有限的。RNA结合蛋白如Ssd 1和白色念珠菌Slr 1的突变影响细胞壁组成和真菌毒力，表明转录后调控在这些过程中起着关键作用。在这里，我们回顾了真菌转录后调控的知识现状，并通过借鉴模式酵母和植物病原真菌的研究，将其与免疫逃避的潜在机制联系起来。我们强调了几个RNA结合蛋白，调节细胞壁的合成，并可能参与细胞壁成分的本地翻译。扩大我们对人类真菌病原体转录后调控的了解对于充分理解真菌毒力策略和设计新的抗真菌疗法至关重要。
Pathogenic fungi hide from their hosts by camouflage, obscuring immunogenic cell wall components such as beta-glucan with innocuous coverings such as mannoproteins and alpha-glucan that are less readily recognised by the host. Attempts to understand how such processes are regulated have met with varying success. Typically studies focus on understanding the transcriptional response of fungi to either their reservoir environment or the host. However, such approaches do not fully address this research question, due to the layers of post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation that occur within a cell. Although in animals the impact of post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation has been well characterised, our knowledge of these processes in the fungal kingdom is more limited. Mutations in RNA-binding proteins, like Ssd1 and Candida albicans Slr1, affect cell wall composition and fungal virulence indicating that post-transcriptional regulation plays a key role in these processes. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of fungal post-transcriptional regulation, and link this to potential mechanisms of immune evasion by drawing on studies from model yeast and plant pathogenic fungi. We highlight several RNA-binding proteins that regulate cell wall synthesis and could be involved in local translation of cell wall components. Expanding our knowledge on post-transcriptional regulation in human fungal pathogens is essential to fully comprehend fungal virulence strategies and for the design of novel antifungal therapies.