The Howiesons Poort and MSA III at Klasies River main site, Cave 1A
The Howiesons Poort and MSA III at Klasies River main site, Cave 1A
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jas.2009.10.028
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发表时间：
2010-03
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
P. Villa;S. Soriano;Nicolas Teyssandier;S. Wurz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Villa;S. Soriano;Nicolas Teyssandier;S. Wurz
我们展示了对 Klasies 河 1A 洞穴中的 Howiesons Poort 和 MSA III 石器文物进行技术分析的结果。我们研究了迪肯 (Deacon) 出土文物中的大部分出土和修饰过的碎片（约 3000 件），以及辛格 (Singer) 和怀默 (Wymer) 出土三层出土物中的所有核心和修饰过的物品 (640 件)。我们的分析表明：(1) HP 刀片的生产基于使用软石锤的边缘敲击，如 Rose Cottage； (2) Klasies、Rose Cottage 和 Sibudu 处的撞击痕迹表明背板以两种不同的方式安装； (3) HP 背衬件是一种握持矛尖的创新方式，但并不是弓箭发明的明确证据。我们记录了 HP 序列中借记技术的逐渐演变以及 HP 技术风格的逐步放弃。非常相似的趋势也出现在 Rose Cottage 的 HP 序列的上部。相距超过 600 公里的站点之间时间趋势的相似性对惠普行业的消失具有重大影响。我们认为HP的消失并不是由于人口收缩和孤立现象导致社交网络崩溃。 Klasies 和 Rose Cottage 记录的内部演变和并行变化过程反对社会系统的崩溃，并与 MIS 4/3 过渡时期环境和生存变化的证据相关。
We present the results of a technological analysis of the Howiesons Poort and MSA III lithic artifacts from Cave 1A at Klasies River. We studied most of the debitage and retouched pieces from Deacon's excavations (about 3000 pieces) and all the cores and retouched pieces from three layers of Singer and Wymer excavations (640 pieces). Our analysis shows: (1) that HP blade production was based on the use of marginal percussion by soft stone hammer, as at Rose Cottage; (2) that impact scars at Klasies, Rose Cottage and Sibudu indicate that the backed pieces were hafted in two different ways; and (3) that the HP backed pieces were an innovative way of hafting spear tips but are not clear evidence of the invention of bows and arrows. We document the gradual evolution of debitage techniques within the HP sequence with progressive abandonment of the HP technological style. Very similar trends occur in the upper part of the HP sequence at Rose Cottage. The similarity in temporal trends between sites separated by more than 600km has significant implications for the disappearance of the HP industry. We suggest that the disappearance of the HP was not due to a phenomenon of population contraction and isolation that caused the collapse of social networks. The internal evolution and parallel process of change documented at Klasies and Rose Cottage speak against a collapse of social systems and are associated with evidence of environmental and subsistence changes at the transition MIS 4/3.