Exosomes derived from cancerous and non-cancerous cells regulate the anti-tumor response in the tumor microenvironment.
Exosomes derived from cancerous and non-cancerous cells regulate the anti-tumor response in the tumor microenvironment.
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DOI：
10.18632/genesandcancer.172
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发表时间：
2018-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bonavida B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bae S;Brumbaugh J;Bonavida B
肿瘤微环境(TME)是肿瘤生物学的一个独特平台，它考虑了肿瘤存在的局部细胞环境。越来越多的证据表明，TME对于促进免疫肿瘤排斥反应或保护肿瘤至关重要。TME包括周围血管、细胞外基质(ECM)、各种免疫和调节细胞以及信号因子。胞外体已经成为癌症生物学中的分子贡献者，并调节和影响TME的成分。外切体是小的(40-150 nm)膜小泡，来源于内吞性质，后来由细胞排泄。根据细胞来源的不同，外切体可以在肿瘤抑制或肿瘤进展中发挥作用。肿瘤来源的外切体(TDEs)有其独特的表型功能。有证据表明，TDES在肿瘤生长、肿瘤发生、血管生成、免疫细胞调节失调、免疫逃逸、转移和对治疗的抵抗以及促进抗肿瘤反应方面发挥着关键作用。普通外切体及其对TME的影响是一个很有前途的研究领域，可能为治疗、增强抗肿瘤反应、开发基于外切体的疫苗和药物的外切体衍生纳米载体提供潜在的生物标记物。
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a unique platform of cancer biology that considers the local cellular environment in which a tumor exists. Increasing evidence points to the TME as crucial for either promoting immune tumor rejection or protecting the tumor. The TME includes surrounding blood vessels, the extracellular matrix (ECM), a variety of immune and regulatory cells, and signaling factors. Exosomes have emerged to be molecular contributors in cancer biology, and to modulate and affect the constituents of the TME. Exosomes are small (40-150 nm) membrane vesicles that are derived from an endocytic nature and are later excreted by cells. Depending on the cells from which they originate, exosomes can play a role in tumor suppression or tumor progression. Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) have their own unique phenotypic functions. Evidence points to TDEs as key players involved in tumor growth, tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, dysregulation of immune cells and immune escape, metastasis, and resistance to therapies, as well as in promoting anti-tumor response. General exosomes, TDEs, and their influence on the TME are an area of promising research that may provide potential biomarkers for therapy, potentiation of anti-tumor response, development of exosome-based vaccines, and exosome-derived nanocarriers for drugs.