Biased Average Position Estimates in Line and Bar Graphs: Underestimation, Overestimation, and Perceptual Pull
Biased Average Position Estimates in Line and Bar Graphs: Underestimation, Overestimation, and Perceptual Pull
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DOI：
10.1109/tvcg.2019.2934400
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Franconeri, Steven
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xiong, Cindy;Ceja, Cristina R.;Franconeri, Steven
在数据的视觉描述中，与其他编码(例如，色调)相比，位置(即，线或条的垂直高度)被认为是对信息进行编码的最精确的方式。其他编码不仅不如位置精确，而且也容易产生系统性偏差(例如，颜色类别边界可能扭曲感知到的色调差异)。相比之下，高精确度的仓位似乎可以保护它免受此类偏见的影响。相比之下，通过三项实证研究，我们表明，虽然位置可能是一种精确的数据编码形式，但它也会在值的可视编码方式上产生系统性偏差，至少对于短时间内的平均位置报告而言是这样。在具有单行或单组条形的显示器中，对平均位置的报告严重偏向，从而低估了线条位置而高估了条形位置。在具有多个数据序列(即，多行和/或多组条)的显示器中，这种系统性偏差仍然存在。我们还观察到了每一系列的平均仓位估计对另一系列的影响。这些发现表明，尽管位置可能仍然是最精确的视觉数据编码形式，但它也可能是系统性的偏见。
In visual depictions of data, position (i.e., the vertical height of a line or a bar) is believed to be the most precise way to encode information compared to other encodings (e.g., hue). Not only are other encodings less precise than position, but they can also be prone to systematic biases (e.g., color category boundaries can distort perceived differences between hues). By comparison, positions high level of precision may seem to protect it from such biases. In contrast, across three empirical studies, we show that while position may be a precise form of data encoding, it can also produce systematic biases in how values are visually encoded, at least for reports of average position across a short delay. In displays with a single line or a single set of bars, reports of average positions were significantly biased, such that line positions were underestimated and bar positions were overestimated. In displays with multiple data series (i.e., multiple lines and/or sets of bars), this systematic bias still persisted. We also observed an effect of where the average position estimate for each series was toward the other. These findings suggest that, although position may still be the most precise form of visual data encoding, it can also be systematically biased.